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INFLUENCE OF
SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
1.1
Background to the Study
The school
environment, which include the classrooms, libraries, technical workshops,
laboratories, teachers’ quality, school management, teaching methods, peers,
etc are variables that affect students’ academic achievement (Ajayi, 2001 and
Oluchukwu, 2000). Hence, the school environment remains an important area that
should be studied and well managed to enhance students’ academic performance.
The issue of
poor academic performance of students in Nigeria has been of much concern to
the government, parents, teachers and even student themselves. The quality of
education not only depends on the teachers as reflected in the performance of
their duties, but also in the effective coordination of the school environment
(Ajao 2001)
School
environment which include instructional spaces planning, administrative places
planning, circulation spaces planning, spaces for conveniences planning,
accessories planning, the teachers as well as the students themselves are
essential in teaching-learning process. The extent to which student learning
could be enhanced depends on their location within the school compound, the
structure of their classroom, availability of instructional facilities and
accessories. It is believed that a well planned school will gear up expected
outcomes of education that will facilitate good social, political and economic
emancipation, effective teaching and learning process and academic performance
of the students.
Relating
this study to international occurrences are the assertions of Williams,
Persaud, and Turner (2008), quoting Marsden (2005), which reported that safe
and orderly classroom environment (aspect of instructional space), School
facilities (accessories) were significantly related to students’ academic
performance in schools. The three researchers, also quoted Glassman (1994),
asserting that a comfortable and caring environment among other treatments
helped to contribute to students` academic performance.
The physical
characteristics of the school have a variety of effects on teachers, students,
and the learning process. Poor lighting, noise, high levels of carbon dioxide
in classrooms, and inconsistent temperatures make teaching and learning
difficult. Poor maintenance and ineffective ventilation systems lead to poor
health among students as well as teachers, which leads to poor performance and
higher absentee rates (Frazier, 2002 Lyons, 2001; and Ostendorf, 2001). These
factors can adversely affect student behavior and lead to higher levels of
frustration among teachers, and poor learning attitude among student.
Beyond the
direct effects that poor facilities have on students’ ability to learn, the
combination of poor facilities, which create an uncomfortable and uninviting
workplace for teachers, combined with frustrating behavior by students including
poor concentration and hyperactivity, lethargy, or apathy, creates a stressful
set of working conditions for teachers. Because stress and job dissatisfaction
are common pre-cursors to lowered teacher enthusiasm, it is possible that the
aforementioned characteristics of school facilities have an effect upon the
academic performance of students.
Previous
studies have investigated the relationship of poor school environment including
problems with student-teacher ratio, school location, school population,
classroom ventilation, poor lighting in classrooms, and inconsistent
temperatures in the classroom with student health problems, student behavior,
and student achievement (Crandell & Smaldino, 2000; Davis, 2001; Johnson,
2001; Lyons, 2001;Moore, 2002; Stricherz, 2000; Tanner, 2000). To complement
these studies, the present research will examine the aforementioned areas of
school environment as it affect students performance in Nigerian schools.
Statement of
the Problem
Emphasizing
the importance of school environment to students academic performance,
Oluchukwu, (2000) asserted school environment is an essential aspect of
educational planning, he went further to explain that “unless schools are well
suited, buildings adequately constructed and equipment adequately utilized and
maintained, much teaching and learning may not take place.
The high
levels of students’ academic performance may not be guaranteed where
instructional space such as classrooms, libraries, technical workshops and
laboratories are structurally defective. However, little is known on the impact
of school environment on students’ academic performance in an urban city like
Lagos State.
1.3
Objectives of the Study
The purposes
of this study are:
i. To
examine the relationship between school environment and the student academic
performance
ii. To
examine the impact of school facilities on the academic performance of students
in the secondary school
iii. To
explore factors such as class size that have been perceived to promote or
inhibit students learning in the academic process of students in secondary
school
iv. To
investigate the extent to which school location affects the academic
achievement of secondary school students.
1.4 Research
Questions
i. Is there
any relationship between school environment and the student academic
performance?
ii. To what
extent do school facilities affect student performance in secondary school?
iii. What
effect does class size has on the academic performance of students in secondary
school?
iv. To what
extent does school location has on the achievement of secondary school
students?
1.5 Research
Hypothesis
Ho1 There is
no significant difference between school environment and the student academic
performance
Ho2 There is
no significant difference between school facilities and academic performance of
students
Ho3 There is
no significant difference between class size and academic performance of
students
Ho4 There is
no significant difference between school location and academic performance of
students
1.6
Significance of the Study
It is hoped
that this study will provide information for parents, educators and school
administrators to reflect upon various factors that help students in achieving
their academic goals. In so doing, they can investigate the possibility of
introducing those factors to their school, which may consequently lead to
enhancing students’ educational outcomes in school. In addition, the fact that
this study is conducted in public schools, it shares quite a lot of
similarities with many other counterparts. In this connection, this study
provides a valuable reference for other schools to reflect upon the school
environment as it affect the academic performance of student in secondary
school.
1.7 Scope of
the Study
This
research work focuses on influence of school environment on academic
performance of secondary school students in some selected schools in Agege
Local Government Area Of Lagos State. This research work covers all public
secondary schools students in Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State.
However, four public secondary schools will be used as case study.
1.8
Limitation of the Study
Apart from
time-frame and shortage of finance, the major limitation to this research is
the inability of the researcher to cover the whole public secondary school in
Agege Local Government Area Of Lagos State as the title suggest.
1.9 Research
Methodology
A
descriptive research design will be use in carrying out this study. The sample
for this study constitutes one hundred (100) respondents. For this research
work, random sampling technique will be used. This study will be restricted to
the categories of students the researcher considered essentially relevant to
issues being investigated. Simple percentage statistical analysis will be used
for the study.
1.10
Definition of Terms
School: A
school is an institution designed for the teaching of students (or
"pupils") under the direction of teachers
School
Environment: A school's physical environment includes the school building and
the surrounding.
Academic
Achievement – Knowledge attained or skills developed in school subjects by test
scores.
Secondary
school (also"high school")is a term used to describe an educational
institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education
and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place. It follows
elementary or primary education, and may be followed by university (tertiary)
education.
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