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PRIVATIZATION
OF SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of this study is to find out the assertion of the privatization of secondary
education and the poor in Oyo State and the children of low economic status
attend the private and public secondary schools.
Therefore, as a determinant of choice
between private and public secondary school in Ibarapa East Local Government
Area of Oyo State. It is descriptive survey research.
Two sets of self designed
questionnaire by the researcher was used. 150 copies of one set was used for
the student randomly selected and 50 copies of the other set was used for the
randomly selected public and private schools. The following hypotheses were
tested using simple percentage t-test.
Based on the research problems, the
following hypotheses were tested.
- There was no significant
association between choice of school of secondary education and income
distribution in Oyo State.
- There was no significant
association between choice of school and parents occupation.
- There was no significant
relationship between choice of private school and parent’s education.
- There was no significant
association between choice of private school and family size.
The result
shows a significant difference in the privatization of secondary school in Oyo
state and the parent’s choice of private and public school.
Also, there
exists a significant association between parents’ occupation and choice of
school for their children.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
According to
Anthony Giddens (1993) and Longe (1981), Olaniyan (1995) stated the beginning
of western Education in Nigeria in September 1842, the first set of
missionaries which led by Reverend Thomas Freeman and Mr. and Mrs. Craft of the
Westleyansect arrived and settled at Badagry, and established the first school
ever inform of “Sunday school” later others missionaries arrived such as the
CATHOLIC MISSION e.t.c.
However, these missionaries
established series of schools whose curriculum design were a replied of their
respective countries. This can be regarded as private involvement in education
in Nigeria
During this period schools had a
splendid growth and development. Between 1889 to 1902, the colonial government
then started showing interest in taking over the administration of these
schools and established more.
In this wise, the government appoints
“Inspectors Education” in which HENRYCAR a Nigerian was fortunate to be
appointed as a “Sub-Inspector of Education” in the colony of Lagos. It is no
gain saying that, during the period of 1889 to 1905, these observations could
be made from the relentless efforts of the then colonial government to improve
the status of education in Nigeria. Privatization of education is sometimes
described as a form of decentralization given that it may involve the transfer
of decision making authority responsibility and tasks from higher to lower
organization levels or between organizations which is general definition of
decentralization.
Privatization is often categorized
into two ideal types first, involving demand-side-financing second, involving
reforms to the educational supply-side through the rapid growth of private
schools rather than through reforms to the education.
However, privatization has been noted
either explicitly or implicitly in the literature where responsibility for
education have been transferred to the private education, through the rapid
growth of private schools rather than the reforms. Then in (Oyo State of
Nigeria), privatization of secondary education. Have Mushroomed due to the poor
quality government secondary schools, particularly in urban and peri-urban
areas.
Significantly, the low quality of
government secondary education for the poor is often reported as a major reason
for the Mushrooming of privatization education. If poor parents support private
education, this carries a real danger of undermining the government schooling
system. In Oyo State of Nigeria private schools are privately managed and
privately funded, we focused on designated ‘poor’ area only; In the District of
Ibadan, Ibarapa, Okeogun we selected three (out of 33 of the poorest zones, we
focused only on schools in the notified slums according to the latest census
and municipal documents which defined as areas with lack of amenities such as
proper sanitation and roads, water and electricity supply.
In Nigeria, we looked at Ibadan
district, surrounding the capital of Oyo State, classified as a low-income,
peri-urban area, about 20% of population of 3,000.000 lives below the poverty
line, while 60% live on the poverty line.
Nigeria includes poor farming
villages along the farms land while most of the district lacks basic social
amenities such as portable water, sewage system, electricity and paved road.
This invariably limits the number of
parents that can afford to send their children to such private secondary
schools. In the light of this a greater percentage of parents in the local
government area send their children to public secondary schools where they pay
little or no tuition or school fees.
In some other instance, parents of
low middle with the desire qualitative education for their children sometimes,
may not have the money at hand but sought other means to finance their wards
education. The poor of it is to “borrow and payback later” this they do in
order to sponsor their children to private secondary schools even before an
increase was affected on the general monthly pay of civil servants.
Again, there are some parents of low
standard in Oyo State, some farmers and small scale business men who are
fortunate to have financial ability but do not send their children to secondary
schools because of their lack of knowledge and value of education.
Such most times spend their money in
marrying more wives, having large family size and spending it on social
ceremonies such as funeral of in law rather than on their children’s education.
This research work is meant therefore
to serve as value judgment in privatization of secondary education and the poor
in Oyo state as well meant to find out the actual effect of parental efforts.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In this research work the researcher
attempts to investigate the effects of parental on privatization of secondary
education and poor as determinant of their choice of schools to their children
in Oyo State.
Precisely, the questions which are
bordering the mind of the researcher are:
1. Is there any relationship between
the academic achievement of parents and the choice of school for their
children?
2. Is there any relationship between
the choice of schools for their children and the parents’ occupation?
3. Is there any relationship between
the choice of schools for children and the size of the family in term of money?
4. Is there any relationship between
the change fees that making them out of reach of the poorest of the poor
parents?
5. Is there any finding of a recent
research project exploring private schools for the poor in Oyo State?
1.3 Purpose of Study
The central focus of this study is to
attempt a critical look
1. The privatization of secondary education and
the poor in Oyo State and the children of parents of low economic status attend
the private secondary schools
2. Only the children of high economic status
attend private secondary school
3. The parents ability and economic status is a
determinant of children’s choice by attend private secondary schools
1.4Research
Hypothesis
Based on the research problems, the
following hypotheses were tested;
1. Ho:- There is no significant difference
in the choice of secondary education and income distribution in Oyo state.
2. Ho: There is no significant
association between choice of school and parents occupation.
3. Ho: There is no significant
relationship between choice of private school and parent’s education
4. Ho: There is no significant
association between choice of private school and family size.
1.5 Significant of the Study
With the
increasing awareness of the necessity of education to the overall development
of the country come about the establishment of private secondary schools with
aim of providing a more qualitative education.
The
significance of this study therefore cannot be over emphasized. This in the
sense that it will assist parents in making good and profitable choice of
school for their children. It will as well help the parents to know area in
which their private secondary education is either directly or indirectly
affecting the academic performance of their children.
The outcome
of this study will no mean aid the children in the private secondary schools
education to discern some of the factors that are responsible for their poor
academic performance which make it difficult if not impossible to complete with
their counterpart in the public secondary schools education. It is another
significant aspect that this research work will be of use to the clearer
glimpse of what its responsibilities are towards educational improvement.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study is limited to both private
and public secondary schools in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo
State. And the study will cover the aspect of the poor and prove low benefit it
is. Then is that of financial constraint due to the country’s economic
depression and the effect.
For economic and logistical reason we
have to deal with sample rather than the entire population.
1.7Definition
Of Terms
Privatization:
This is sometimes described as transfer state owned assets to private hands to
ensure better service delivery.
Education:
This is described as knowledge and abilities, development of character and
mental powers, resulting from such training.
Secondary:
This is means of coming after less important than, what is first
Poor: This
is simply means i.e. not having and not able to get the necessaries of life.
Private
School: is regarded as an organization where by one person or group of persons not
people in general having no official position not holding any public office and
not a member of the government. And according to the Olaniyan A.A (1995)
explained that the private school is a status where majority finance by private
individuals through the payment if their wards or children fees.
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