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THE
INFLUENCE OF GENDER ROLES AND BIASES IN EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
This
research report examined the influence of Gender roles and biases in education
in Benue state, using Ukum local government as a case study. To enable the
researcher do this effectively, she identified the problem and set research
hypothesis to guide him in the course research.
The
researcher went through many sources to effectively review of some relevant
literature on the problem.
After
identifying population characteristics, a simple data collected was then
analyzed and many findings were made concerning gender roles and biases in
education. Based on this, conclusions were drawn and recommendations made to
which when properly implemented the gender biases in education will become a
thing of the past.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
At the
beginning, God created man and after realizing that he was lonely, he created a
woman as his helper, this after thought of creating woman later has by
implications made man superior to the woman, that is to say that there are
differences between the two.
These
differences in turn create stress and inequalities between them. According to
Zasha “unless this fact is actively challenged and diligently resisted, the
nation gains second class citizens” modern and traditional societies unite in
regarding woman as less than normal human beings, as men who have not yet grown
up to be mature human being (Zasha 2005).
Consequently
to the above perception, women have been subjected to various inequalities;
marginalization and exposure to different forces of in-inimitabilities, such
among others include women’s rights, women education, women politics, widow
hood, the strip of their fundamental rights. These put together have raised the
gender questions.
The word
gender means different things to different people. According to the Oxford
Advanced Learners Dictionary (6th edition) gender means the fact of being mal
or female. Gender roles have stirred up a lot of issues in the imagination of
people in the society. Gender is a concept used in describing the differences
resulting from differences in sex. The discrimination between men and women is
essentially a social division BECAUSE of the thought that we have of men and
women which are largely, socially constructed.
There are
now two differences between men and women. These differences are sex in
biological difference between men and women. That is being born male or female.
However, gender is the expectation a society has formed about someone simply
because the person is a man or a woman.
This project
work shall be focusing on the gender roles ad their biases that are the
expectation a society has formed about someone simply because the person is a
man or a woman. The biases and relationships of gender roles in education shall
also be considered.
Ukan local
government was created out of Katsina-Ala, local government in 1991 by the
General Ibrahim Babangida administration among others in Benue state. The local
government is bounded in the north by Wukari local government of Taraba state,
in the east by Takum local government of Taraba state in the west by Logo local
government of Benue state and in the south by Katsina-Ala local government of
Benue state.
The local
government derived her name from their greatest grandfather “Ukum” which has two
block sons Ucha and Ingenev whom they later gave birth to thirteen prominent
sons which now constitutes the thirteen wards of Ukum local government, which
include:
1.
Azendeshi, 2. Aterayange, 3. Tyuluv, 4. Kendev 5. Lumbur 6. Uym 7. Ugbaam 8.
Borikyo 9. Mbatian 10. Tsaav 11. Ngyenev 12. Mbazum 13. Mbayange.
The local
government has a vast experience of fertile land for agricultural urposes. In
fact Ukum is the local gove4rnment that has given Benue state the name “FOOD
BASKET OF THE NATION”. Various food products like groundnuts, corn, millet,
rice, yam, cassa a potatoes, etc. to mention but a few are cultivated for both
domestic and foreign uses.
River Afia
privides good economic opportunities for fishing and irrigational farming of
fruits and vegetables. It also has salt in large quantities that is yet to be
taped.
1.2.STATEMENT
OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
There are a
lot of biases about gender roles especially in the choice of career. Many
people still seem to think that certain careers are exclusively the reserves of
a particular gender. The gender affects career development in numerous ways, as
a result of social organization because employment opportunities are affected
by sex.
Women have
been discriminated against in various ways which include assault and battery of
women, genital mutilation, widow hood, practices of rites etc. and ever
discrimination is more disheartening.
Also the
problem of discrimination against women in education and the high illiteracy
rate among Nigerian women is a consequence of inter play of several factors,
including social and cultural discrimination. Sex stereotyping and forced to
early marriage as a result of home background, misunderstanding of religion as
well as social community sanctions. Therefore, we shall be testing the
following hypotheses.
1.3.RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
The study
will test the following hypothesis (the hypothesis will be tested at 5% level
of significance).
Male and
females do not differ significantly in their roles at home.
Men and
women and do not differ significantly in their future careers.
Men and
women do not differ significantly in giving equal rrights to education.
Thus this
study is expected to show that there is no significant co-relation between the
male and female.
1.4.PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The main
purpose of this study is to see the influence of gender roles and biases in
education specific objectives of the study include:
i. To
correct the impression of parents encouraging unequal educational opportunities
to both the male and females.
ii.
Encouragement to the women to be more professionally committed by giving them
their due rights in placement where they are qualified.
iii. The
introduction of a new perspective in our value system whereby we have cause to
recognize certain activities as gender specific.
1.5.SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study
will unveil the biases that exist between people of different classes, races,
religion and even sex. These biases and differences are partly natural and
partly cultural conditioned. All culture have defined approved ways in which,
men and female are expected to behave.
There are
certain personalities, characteristics, works, task, and activities that are
considered appropriate for males and females.
The idea of
gender inequality roles and biases in education needs to be cleansed out our
environment. A study of this nature is therefore of outmost significant to both
government institutions and the public.
The study
will help to solve this outstanding problem and should also serve vas a source
of information for related studies in the future.
1.6.SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
focuses on the influence of gender roles and biases in education. The scope of
this study is limited to the gender roles, equality, education and
participation in economic development towards the development of Nigeria.
The extent
of the study is limited by the following factors.
To obtain
adequate result of the problem facing gender roles and biases in the
educational development of Nigerian with Ukum local government, not all places
were been listed and this posed a limitation in obtaining the representative
sample in the study area.
Research
work needs adequate time for fat finding. The time frame given for this study
limits the extent to which the study was conducted.
This
research work relies heavily on published data from both internet and relevant
educational materials. The implication of conducting a research of this nature
posses a serious limitation on the extent of this study.
The
researcher however, intends to minimize these variable time, by harmonizing use
of every data obtained from various educational materials and by minimizing the
cost involved in the conduct of the study.
1.7.DEFINITION
OF TERMS
GENDER:
Differences in sex
BIASES:
giving favour to one side
DISCRIMINATION:
showing differences between two things
INTRPLAY:
common action
MINIMIZE:
bring to the lowest level
CAREER:
progress through life
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