Skip to main content

CIVIL – MILITARY RELATIONS AND NATIONAL SECURITY: CHALLENGES FOR THE NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES


ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE CHAPTER ONE/ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
                                                                                                     
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N10,000 ONLY.
THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08137701720



CIVIL – MILITARY RELATIONS AND NATIONAL SECURITY: CHALLENGES FOR THE NIGERIAN ARMED FORCES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page- -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        i
Certification page-       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        ii
Dedication-         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iii
Acknowledgement       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        iv
Table of contents         v - -   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        viii
List of Tables       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        ix
List of Figures     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        x
List of Abbreviations    -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        xi
Glossary of Terms        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        xii
Abstract     -        -        --       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        xiii

CHAPTER ONE
1.0    Background         -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        1
1.2    Research Questions     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        2
1.3    Objectives of the Study                  -        -        -        -        -        -        2
1.4    Research Hypothesis             -        -        -        -        -        -        3
1.5    Significance of the Study-     -        -        -        -        -        -        3
1.6    Scope of the Study-     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        3
1.7    Limitations          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        4
1.8    Method of Data Collection and Analysis-        -        -        -        -        4
1.9    Conceptual Clarification-      -        -        -        -        -        -        5

CHAPTER TWO
2.0    Literature Review                  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        7
2.1    Concept of Civil – Military Relations       -        -        -        -       
2.2    Concept of National Security         -        -        -        -        -        -        14
2.3    The Armed forces in Internal Security Operations             -        15
2.4    Relevance of Internal Security Operations-     -        -        -        20
2.5    Concept of Civil Affairs          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        23
2.6    Roles of the Military-   -        -        -        -        -        -        -        24
2.7    Theoretical Framework                  -        -        -        -        -        -        27

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    Research Methodology                  -        -        -        -        -        -        29
3.1    Research Design-          -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        29
3.2    Area of study      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        30
3.3    Instrument of Data Collection       -        -        -        -        -        30
3.4    Validations and Reliability of Instruments       -        -        -        31
3.5    Weakness of the Methodology     -        -        -        -        -        32
3.7    Summary   -        -        -        --       -        -        -        -        -        32
         
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0    Data Presentation and Analysis     -        -        -        -        -        38              
4.1    Respondents profile     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        38
4.2    Presentation and Analysis of Data -        -        -        -        -        42
4.3    Knowledge of the extent of Civil-Military Relations in
          Armed Forces     -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        43
4.5    Knowledge of the principles of internal Security operation       -        48
4.6    Knowledge and participation in internal Security Operations
          by Armed Forces Personnel  -        -        -        -        -        -        51
4.7    Test of hypothesis        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        56


CHAPTER FIVE
5.0    Summary/Conclusion and Recommendations          -        -        -        57
5.1    Summary/Conclusion  -        -        -        -        -        -        -        57
5.2    Recommendations       -        -        -        -        -        -        -        59
Bibliography-      -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        61
Appendices-        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        -        63

LIST OF TABLES
Serial Title of Table       Page No
(a)     (b)     (c)
1.      Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Rank 39
2.      Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Length of Service        41
3.      Table 3: The Current State of Civil-Military Relations in the Armed Forces is Satisfactory         43
4.      Table 4: Response to Armed Forces Personnel Having a good understanding of the Concept of Civil-Military Relations        45
5.      Table 5: The Relationship Between Armed Forces Personnel and Civilians  46
6.      Table 6: Armed Forces Participation in Internal Security Operation is a Welcome Idea    48
7.      Table 7: Responses on Enhanced Civil-Military Relations Due to Participation in Internal Security Operation       50
8.      Table 8: Responses to and Understanding of the Concept of IS Operation by Armed Forces Personnel       52
9.      Table 9: Armed Forces Personnel’s Responses to Participation in Internal Security Operations     53
10.    Table 10: Participation on how Internal Security Operations has helped the Nation        52
11.    Table 11: Contingency Table         56


LIST OF FIGURES
Serial Title of Figure     Page No
(a)     (b)     (d)
1.      Figure 1: Pie Chart Showing Distribution of Respondents by Rank Category          40
2.      Figure 2: Pie Chart Showing Distribution of Respondents by Length of service in the Armed Forces of Nigeria      42
3.      Figure 3: Bar chart showing the Current State of Civil-Military Relations in the Armed Forces is Satisfactory          44
4.      Figure 4: Bar chart showing Response to Armed Forces Personnel having a good Understanding of the Concept of Civil-Military Relations           45
5.      Figure 5: Bar Chart showing the Relationship Between Armed Forces Personnel and Civilians         47
6.      Figure 6: Bar Chart showing Armed Forces Participation in IS Operation is a Welcome Idea    49
7.      Figure 7: Bar Chart Showing Responses on Enhanced Civil Military Relations Due to Participation in IS Operation       50
8.      Figure 8: Bar chart showing Responses of an Understanding of the Concept of IS Operation by Armed Forces Personnel        52
9.      Figure 9: Bar Chart showing Armed Forces Personnel’s Responses to Participation in IS Operations        54
10.    Figure 10: Bar chart showing Participation in IS Operations has helped the Nation        55
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVIATION   MEANING
1.      AFCSC                  Armed Forces Command and Staff  College.
2.      AHQ                     Army Headquarters.
3.      Capt                     Captain.
4.      CIMIC                   Civil-Military Cooperation.
5.      CMR                     Civil-Military Relations.
6.      COAS                   Chief of Army Staff.
7.      Col                       Colonel.
8.      Cpl                       Corporal.
9.      DHQ                     Defence Headquarters.
10.    ICRC                     International Committee of Red Cross.
11.    IS                          Internal Security.
12.    LCpl                      Lance Corporal.
13.    Lt                          Lieutenant.
14.    Lt Col                   Lieutenant Colonel.
15.    2/Lt                      Second Lieutenant.
16.    Maj                      Major.
17.    MDAs                            Ministries Departments and Agencies.
18.    MAW                             Manouvrist Approach to Warfare.
19.    Mar                      March.
20.    NA                        Nigerian Army.
21.    NAF                      Nigerian Air Force.
22.    NATO                   Non-Align Treaty Organization.
23.    NDDC                   Niger Delta Development Commission.
24.    NN                       Nigerian Navy.
25.    NP                        Nigeria Police.
26.    Op                        Operation.
27.    OMPADEC           Oil Mineral Producing Area Development
                                      Commission.
28.    Sgt                       Sergeant.
29.    Ssgt                      Staff Sergeant.
30.    WO                      Warrant Officer.
31.    MWO                            Master Warrant Officer.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1.      Civil-Military Relations.  All aspects of the armed forces’ relations with the society within which they exist.
2.      Democratic Model.  Democratic model deals with the closeness between the military and society.
3.      Ethnicity.  Ethnicity is a derivative of the word ethnic, which means a specified origin relating to a group of people having a common national or cultural tradition.
4.      Ethno/Religious Group.  Ethnic groups are those human groups that entertain a subjective belief in their common descent because of similarities of physical type or of customs or both, or because of memories of colonization and migration.
5.      Ethnic Militia.  An ethnic militia is an armed group set up to pursue the interest of a group and if necessary, to commit violence in the process.
6.      Liberal Model.  Civil control which emphasizes the separation of powers and assumes that military has no power of its own.
7.      National Security.  National security is the ability of a nation-state to prevent all forms of threats to its survival ranging from external aggression to threats of economic, political and social insecurities among others, whilst grappling with the challenges of national development.
8.      Security Agencies. Security agencies include the Armed Forces, DSS and the NP.
9.      Traditional Model.  Civil control over the military premised upon     the           absence of civilian-military differences.


ABSTRACT
          This study examines the CMR in Nigeria and its implications on National Security.  There have been various schools of thought worldwide on what constitutes CMR. Various postulations became necessary as the subject helps build cordial relationship between military and civilians toward achieving nations’ security collaborations and attainments. The term found it relevance since the end of Second World War. The paradigm shift from Attritionists’ Concepts Warfare to Manouvriest Approach to Warfare has further re-enforced this divergent views and arose intellectual research. The NATO came up with CIMIC which mean the same thing with CMR while, US and UN on the other hand, came up with Civil Affairs. The former seek to address civil-military synergy towards cordial relations through military aids to civil authority (MACA) in challenging situations and civilians on their own part, cooperates with military in making their task easy and achievable. Civil Affairs’ concept is based on military using civilians for the purposes other than providence, but as tools for commanders to achieve their campaign end-states.  Nigeria chose to adopt CIMIC. The unhealthy Internal Security situations and challenges in Nigeria may have informed this decision. United States National Intelligence Council Report of 25 May 2005 which predicted that Nigeria will become a failed state by 2015 also necessitated adoption of multifaceted approaches.  Hence, the adoption of CIMIC came handy as one of the palliative measures toward solving ethno/religious insurgences and agitations which have taken a front burner in Nigeria society. The methodology used, allow the description of key concepts, past events relating to ethnic pressure groups, ethnic militias etc on National Security. At the same time allow the analysis of data collated regarding the research variables.  Primary data were collected from respondents throughout the country.  These were supported by secondary data from journals, newspapers, books and electronic sources.  Government has made efforts to curtail the unwholesome activities of ethnic pressure groups.  Some of the measures include the establishment of the OMPADEC, NDDC and others.  The convocation of the NPRC was also an attempt to solve the problem of ethnic crisis.  Despite these efforts, the negative activities of ethnic pressure groups persist unabated. Consequently, recommendations made include adequate training for personnel of Armed Forces in CMR in order to use it as a platform to curtail activities of ethnic pressure groups and reduce their influence on National Security situations. The research revealed that there is a direct relationship between CMR and Nigeria National Security situation.  Hence, the need to adopt CMR in totality in Nigeria Armed Forces. Lastly, the DHQ should implement the recommendations made in this research effort.  
CHAPTER ONE
1.0       INTRODUCTION

1.1   BACKGROUND
The complexities associated with modern battlefields have influenced the crafting of strategy towards employment of technological products for reasons of lethality and operational fluidity. Also, humanitarian considerations have become essential, leading to the adoption of the Manoeuvrist Approach to Warfare (MAW) in place of the Attritionists’ Approach to Warfare that demonized the profession through the last centuries. Without prejudice to humanitarian concerns associated with the MAW, in populated areas remain pronounced, thereby necessitating military engagement in relieving affected civilian populations. 
The importance of good relation between the military and civil populace cannot be over-emphasised (NATO Civil-Military Co-operation, 2001:1-1). A number of internal security operations that the Nigerian Armed Forces is currently conducting in the Niger Delta and other parts of the country calls for a co-ordinated approach to the integration of the civilian dimension into operational plans. This is to avoid misinterpretation, misrepresentation of the intentions and actions of the military. This is important to ensure that internal security (IS) operations do not undermine National Security. It is in this light that this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1.2    RESEARCH QUESTIONS
i.        What is the relationship between CMR and National Security?
ii.       What are the effects of CMR on National Security challenges?
iii.      Could CMR be partly panacea to attainment of National Security?
iv.      What policies and strategies are required to guide CMR toward enhancing National Security?

1.3    OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
i.        To establish a relationship between CMR and National Security.
ii.       To highlight the effects of CMR on National Security challenges.
iii.      To establish that CMR if accorded its deserved priority could be the solution to many National Security challenges.
iv.      To proffer strategies for CMR as a factor towards solving Nigeria’s security challenges.


1.4    RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
There is a conventional notion that a country is most secured when its security apparatus are potent. This has resulted into nation states placing much premium on the concept of national security often at the detriment of the citizens. This study therefore, seeks to establish the imperatives of mutual relationship between military and the civil populace towards solving Nigeria’s Security challenges.

1.5    SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would contribute towards enhancing alternative ways of handling security challenges in Nigeria. Its findings would assist the Nigerian State in formulating policies that would entrench great bond between the military and civilians in attempt to efficiently handle the nation’s security challenges. 

1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The concept of national security has permeated in global discourse since the end of Cold War while CMR is a concept that is just coming on board in Nigeria. In the course of this study, the period spanning from 1999 till date shall be covered and only relevant literatures on this concept will be referred to.


1.7    LIMITATIONS

This research work is impaired by some limitations. The key limitations were of secondary data to analyse the concept of CMR and national security of other developed nations.  Although, the data used were from reputable international sources, the authenticity of their findings might not be insulated from bias. The concepts of CMR and national security challenges are intangible. Hence, the empirical testing of both concepts was relatively impossible. However, this did not affect the quality of research carried out and the outcomes of the findings.

1.8    METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The data used in this study were largely collected from secondary sources. This include data on some selected countries concepts of CMR irrespective of the names it is called. Additionally, data were obtained from research of relevant literatures and publications. These formed the basis for the comparison of the variables.  Furthermore, it aided the study in assessment of the performance of Nigeria in human security when compared to selected countries. This study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics for the analysis of data.
          The descriptive statistical tools that were used were tally method, frequency table, percentages, pie charts and bar charts. The tally method was used to allocate tally marks to responses to each answer options. These were then summed up and frequency tables were drawn for each relevant question indicating the available options and the respective frequency of response.  The percentage technique was also used to analyze the figures obtained from the frequency tables and pie charts as well bar charts were used to provide a vivid representation of the outcome.

1.9    CONCEPTUAL CLARIFICATION
There have been various schools of thought worldwide on what constitutes CMR. Various postulations became necessary as the subject helps build cordial relationship between military and civilians toward achieving nations’ security collaborations and attainments. CMR found its relevance in Nigeria considering the unhealthy unprecedented security challenges facing the country. It further found its relevance as a palliative measure toward solving ethno/religious insurgences and agitations which have taken a front burner in Nigeria society. It is evident that there is a direct relationship between CMR and Nigeria National Security situation.  Hence,  the need to adopt CMR in totality in Nigeria.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT WORK

PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s).

HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate amount (#10,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to 08137701720
(1)    Your project topic
(2)     Email Address
(3)     Payment Name
(4)    Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert

BANK ACCOUNTS
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 0046579864
Bank: GTBank.

OR
Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account Number: 2023350498
Bank: UBA.


NOTE:
YOU CAN ALSO MAKE A TRANSFER PAYMENT

FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08137701720

AFFILIATE LINKS:









Comments

Popular posts from this blog

THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUPILS LATENESS TO SCHOOL IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU! TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL: 08168759420, 08068231953 TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT: www.easyprojectmaterials.com www.easyprojectsolutions.com www.worldofnolimit.com THE FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR PUPILS LATENESS TO SCHOOL IN PRIMARY SCHOOL ABSTRACT This study was designed to find out those factors that are responsible for pupils lateness to school in Agabi primary school in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Delta State. The incessant occurrence of chart and some time criminal behaviour not only by the audit population, but also the students of this country in recent times has since began to give cause of concern, particularly to parents, government and school administrators. Questionnaires from a sample of four

ADVERTISING AS A ‘’POWER TOOL’’ FOR BUSINESS GROWTH (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC)

ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU! TO GET THE FULL PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL: 08168759420, 08068231953 TO GET MORE PROJECT TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT: www.easyprojectmaterials.com www.easyprojectsolutions.com www.worldofnolimit.com ADVERTISING AS A ‘’POWER TOOL’’ FOR BUSINESS GROWTH (A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BOTTLING COMPANY PLC) ABSTRACT The study was on Advertising as a Power Tool for Business Growth. Advertising refers to any form of non-personal presentation or promotion of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. The raison d’ taire of advertising is to create awareness of a product and to further stimulate brand preference. Therefore, its role in the pursuant of a company’s profit making objective cannot be over emphasized. The study used the Nigerian Bottling Co

AFRICAN STANDBY FORCE: PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL SECURITY

  ATTENTION: BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!   INFORMATION: YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420       AFRICAN STANDBY FORCE: PROSPECTS FOR REGIONAL SECURITY   TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS                                                        PAGE(S) TITLE PAGE………………………………………………………………   i APPROVAL PAGE………………………………….……………………   ii DECLARATION…………………………………………………….……   iii DEDICATION……………………….……………………………………   iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………….………………………….…………   v TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………… vi-ix LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………….   x LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………… xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…….……………………………………… xii-xiii ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………… xiv-xv   CHAPTER