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INHIBITING
FACTORS ON THE ACTUALIZATION OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
ABSTRACT
This
research is interested in explaining those inhibiting factors on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry Local Government
Area, Lagos State, Nigeria. The purpose of this research was to determine the
extent, in which socio-cultural factors inhibit the actualization of community
development, to access the impact of population as a determinant factor in the
actualization of community development, the influence of literacy on community
development programmes and the effect of finance on the actualization of
community development programmes in Badagry. The Sample Size consisted of 150
respondents drawn from the Badagry community through Simple Random Sampling
Technique. The research instrument used for data collection was a set of
structured Questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive
and Chi-Square. Findings were made that socio-cultural, population, literacy
and finance profoundly inhibit the actualization of community development
programmes in Badagry community and Recommendation were made that it is
necessary to promote accessibility to educational opportunities at least up to
the secondary level to enhance high rate of participation in community
development programme and also population factor is important in socio-economic
development; therefore, population considerations should be taken into account
at all levels of decision making in community development programmes.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
The
transformation of communities to improve their lives has become the main
challenge to the economic and social development efforts of developing nations
like Nigeria. This challenge arises from the need to promote the welfare of the
people of the rural and urban communities so that they could acquire a better
standard of living in their homes (Onabanjo, 2004). Badagry Community been the
cradle of development and civilization had witness little or no intervention in
terms of upgrading its colonial masters left existence. The philosophical view
on the acceptance of education as a means to further suffice the foundational
development existed by the expatriates which brought lots of changes into
various spheres of the life of the people in this area was not duly tapped and
had made it very challenging for the people at home to healthily embrace
education as an entity that liberate the mind for possible and feasible
community and national development.
Community
development effort started very early in Badagry before the advent of the
colonial master who prostrated the walls of the land compulsorily to
conscientise the people by liberating their minds towards development.
Missionaries activities also contributed to the rehabilitation of the community
in order to achieve aims through the preaching of the Gospel that brought into
existence the Nigeria first storey building (1845) and other several community
development project; the first primary school in Nigeria called “Nursery of the
infant church” in (1843), the first international market, the first church, the
first agric school and the first Teachers’ training school. Infact, the town is
one of the first to be urbanized in West Africa along side cities like Cape
Town, Gold coast, Benin city and Free Town with over 30 streets in the 18th
century to show but few evidence of early community development existence.
Ever before
the advent of the colonial administrations, Badagry community had employed
communal efforts as the mechanism for mobilizing community resources to provide
physical improvements and functional facilities in the localities to enhance
the social, political and economic aspects of lives. For example, communal
labour was employed in the construction of homesteads, clearing farm lands and
for other basic services for Community development.
Some past
attempts at rural development failed due to the non-involvement of the
essential ingredient of development that is the PEOPLE. This is because
Community development is accepted as a veritable instrument for achieving
national development. It's programme help to realize the potential of the
people, since it ensures active involvement and participation of the people in
the planning and implementation of development projects. The vast majority of the populace is still
living devoid of both basic and social amenities. Coupled with this is the
acceptance of the fact that meaningful development can only take place when the
people are well mobilized for community action.
In spite of
the government efforts to achieve meaningful development at the grassroots,
many communities are still in pathetic state of stagnation and neglect. It must
be stated here, that Badagry is still far behind standard contrary to how it is
viewed from outside world. Many community projects were abandoned due to poor
planning and management. As a result of this, the community department are not
stable in a ministry but are tossed from one ministry to the other depending on
the wishes and caprices of government in power. Lack of concise priority
accorded by government officials to community development, had been the bane of
the menace faced by local communities to accelerate their development. Some
major inhibiting factors on the actualization of community development
programmes in Badagry are; Lukewarm attitude to maintenance of community
development programmes, exodus of people from Badagry to other cities, wrong
belief of the people that government was capable and should provide all their
needs, inadequate funding on the part of individual members, problems of
illiteracy, communal clashes among the community members and the neighboring
communities.
Badagry
community in Lagos state Nigeria is located in Lagos state south western
region, Nigeria. It is the gateway to the West coast that is, the Border town
to other West African countries of Benin Republic, Togo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire,
Gambia and Liberia with about 57 Kilometers by road from Lagos and it ran
parallel to the sea from Porto Novo. Badagry was declared a “TOURIST HEAVEN” by
UNESCO. Ever before the declaration of United Nation Education Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the historic town has often been referred to as
the “Pillar of Tourism in Nigeria”.
Despite the
enviable potentials and revenue generation from tourism, the development of
Badagry is due to the involvement of the people has been one of the enduring
heritages of traditional African society, such as Badagry community.
Community
development has been a medium used to identify the needs, inhibiting factors
and solutions to such needs. The people have learnt on how to pull resources
together to attend to their needs and solve such needs.
Although,
some treaties and declarations were signed and entered into between the Akran
Badagry, his white-caped high chiefs and her majesty, the Queen of great
Britain between 1842 to 1864, it because apparently significant that such
treaties, for example: treaty of commerce of 19th June (1861) and treaty of
cession of 7th July (1863) were merely to prepare the ground for the effective
and eventual commercial development of Badagry, which was in fact a notable
commercial centre for such precious commodities like spices, beads and palm
produce with attracted sufficient economic activities in the international
export trade.
The nature
of people participating in community development would have profound effect on
the success of the programme, people living in Badagry have different ethnic
background, with the ever increasing population of Badagry community and the
different in political ideologies due to different political groups.
Also we all
know that funds are scarce especially when we know that man's needs are
unlimited and the current economic constraint faced by the nation in recent
years. Unavailability of funds can frustrate whatever development programmes
that have been obtained, no matter how well it has been planned. This may be
the most inhibiting factor that may affect the implementation process.
Furthermore,
Badagry local government being a border town to many West African countries,
experiences of immigrants trooping in and out of the community also contribute
tremendously in the inaccurate figure of people living in a particular quarter
for a well planned community development programmes to suffice in this Areas.
Many people participation a times is also based on ethnic consideration. It
would therefore be difficult to gather people because their views will be in
most case being divergent. The structure of the society itself is detrimental
as it is highly socially stratified and those at the lower level (less
privileged) may not want to involve or participate as ignorance demote their
idea towards letting privileged once have all the says. Those residing in
villages like Panko, Erikiti, Ilogbo, Iyaafin, Isalu, Topa, Gberefu, Ganyingbo,
Farasime, Agonvi, Agadangba, Ajido to mention but few had felt little no
intervention as regard community development in their against the background
that the local government is established and saddled with the responsibility to
provide certain social amenities for the grassroots populace.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
The
under-development nature of villages in Badagry is evident rather than a mere
expression. It is observed that many quarters and streets are deficient in
technological and all other means of livelihood, such as: electricity supply
generated, paper borne water, schools are ill-equipped, and other social
services have drastically degenerated with many of the hospitals now “death
centers” rather than medical centers while many of the roads are now in
deplorable conditions. The number of unemployed youths on the streets has
increased drastically and its attendant general restiveness has become a
serious menace to both social and economic development of the community. It is
against this, that this study examines the inhibiting factors on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
This study
was designed to investigate the inhibiting factors on the actualization of
community development programmes in Badagry community, Lagos State.
Specifically,
the purpose of the study was to examine:
1. The effects of Socio-cultural Factors on
the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
2. The impact of population on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
3. The effect of literacy on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
4. The effect of finance on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community.
1.5 Research
Questions
1. To what extent do socio-cultural Factors
inhibit the actualization of community development programmes in Badagry
community?
2. What is the impact of population on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community?
3. To what extent does literacy inhibit the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community?
4. What is the effect of finance on the
actualization of community development programmes in Badagry community?
1.6
Significance of the Study
The
researcher intends to study the inhibiting factors affecting the actualization
of community development programmes in Badagry local government and point out
such factors that hindered the success of the programmes.
This would
enhance our knowledge about community development especially in a rural Areas,
our understanding would go a long way in improving community development in
Badagry local government and other complex areas of its nature, as well as
community development in general.
1.7 Scope of the Study
As a result
of limited and financial constraints, the researcher therefore delimits this
study to Badagry community in Badagry local government area of Lagos State,
Nigeria.
1.8 Definition of Relevant Terms
I.
Community: - This is a
complex social entity which has a physical locus and psychological consensus.
It is the basic operational unit or the activity centre of many human services
to which all the participants in the field constantly identify with address
themselves.
II. Development: - This means to
gradually bring something to a larger, more complete and more advanced stage of
bring. It entails physical, social, political, economic, moral, cultural and
educational growth which steadily brings out the full possibilities and
potentials of a group.
III.
Inhibit: - This is to prevent something from happening or make it happen
more slowly or less frequently than normal.
IV.
Community development:- This is the process by which the effort of the
people themselves are united with those of the governmental authorities to
improve the economic, social and cultural condition of the community to
integrate those communities into the lives of the nation, and to enable them to
contribute fully to the national progress.
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