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THE ROLE OF
SOCIAL MEDIA ON ELECTORAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Social media
has been a major force in technology. Its impacts and use has exceeded the
conventional purpose to the unimaginable future. Social media of course has
attracted so many ills to individuals and even corporate organizations but we
can’t deny its unquenchable impact in terms of business, education,
relationship, trans-border transactions and now politics. This study was
undertaken to examine the role of social media on electoral education in
Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey method. Several literally
works bordering on social media were reviewed and examined. The study employed
the questionnaire as an instrument to elicit information from respondents. The
study found that social media plays the role of awareness during elections, it
plays the role of intermediary between the electorates and the candidates. The
social media was found to give platform for individuals to air their opinion
concerning a candidate, a party and a policy. All these in a bid to achieve
good governance in Nigeria, a nation-state.
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Title page
Approval
page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of
content
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
1.8 Organization of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER
THREE
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Source
of Data
3.3
Population of the Study
3.4 Sample
Size
3.5 Methods
of Data Collection
3.6 Method
of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA
PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1
Introductions
4.2 Data
analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3
Conclusion
5.4
Recommendation
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STDUY
The media
(print and electronic) in Nigeria especially the privately-owned ones have
always been strong instruments of sensitization and mobilization of people
towards democracy even in the dark days of brutal military dictatorship (Ajayi,
2007). However, their reach was limited by such factors as government
intimidation and harassments, logistics, limited resources and their elitist
ownership and control. But with the widening of the communication media space
through improved technology, information dissemination and sensitization of
people now have a widespread immediacy and more diligent follow up of events.
This is as a result of their easy accessibility and availability irrespective
of social status. Even with the cheapest mobile phones one can still access
some social media platforms at reasonable cost for information, education and
entertainment. Fundamentally, the media exists as an organ of information
sourcing and dissemination, social enlightenment and mobilization. These
functions set the media apart as an important factor in the relationship
between the government and the governed thereby making them indispensable for
good governance, the deepening of democracy, societal growth and development
generally (Olujide, Adeyeimi, & Gbadeyan, 2010). However, the emergence of
social media is a major phenomenon in the 21st century that has transformed the
interaction, communication and sharing of information between people throughout
the world in. Social media most often refers to as activities that integrate
technology, telecommunications and social interactions, and the construction of
words, pictures, videos and audio. This interaction and the manner in which
information is presented, depends on the varied perspectives and “building” of
shared meaning among communities, as people share their stories and experiences
(Wattal et al. 2010; Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010, p.60). Some of the popular
and widely used social networking sites include Facebook, YouTube, Twitter,
Blogs, MySpace, LinkedIn, among others. Today, social media have become a
natural part of the everyday lives of people all over the world. In the past
few years, social media have shown a rapid growth of user counts and have been
object of scientific analysis (Wigand et al., 2010; McAfee, 2006). For example,
more than 800 million people worldwide are members of the Facebook network
(Facebook, 2011) while Twitter counts more than 200 million accounts in total
(HuffPost Tech, 2011). This development makes social media fantastic tools for
communicating with large audience. The arrival of these social media platforms
have continued to change the way people communicate with one another around the
world. For example, mobile phone penetration rates, in particular, have
resulted in a plethora of ideas for new media platforms aimed at bridging the
information divide between the well-connected and the disconnected (Unwin,
2012, p.7). In addition, Internet-based communication has equally started to
gain importance in Nigeria in particular and Africa in general. Both mobile
phones and the internet provide exciting new opportunities for one-to-one as
well as one-to-many communication. The much reported rapid spread of mobile
connectivity and services, as well as different forms of public and shared
internet access like social media have allowed a growing number of people who
may not have access to a computer or a fixed connection to take part in “the
global conversation” (André-Michel, 2010, p.4). Thus, the use of social media
in politics has continued to grow in many parts of Africa including Nigeria
since the 21st century. For instance, 2011 general elections marked a
significant milestone in the use of social media for political communication in
Nigeria. Motivated by President Barrack Obama‟s successful use of Facebook to
win the United States elections as the first black president, Nigerian
politicians are indeed, gradually taking their campaigns to the social
networking sites and other online platforms. Within the election period, political
aspirants were disposing of all means to gear up their support base, following
the realization that electioneering requires more than just handshakes and
physical persuasion (Omenugha, Ukwueze, & Malizu, 2011).
1.2 PROBLEM
STATEMENT
The history
of elections in Nigeria generally has afforded us the golden opportunity of
assessment of the divergent roles of the media in Nigeria political process
within the framework of our national political goal. The issue and question of
education, information, mobilization and monitoring has become a very crucial
factor in the realization of the national objectives in the context of the
electoral process. This is as a result of the ugly incidences of various forms
of electoral malpractices which have repeatedly threatened the possibility of
credible elections and national integration in Nigeria. Though the issue at
stake is the responsibility of all stakeholders in the body politic, there is
however, a rationale in assigning this responsibility as a primary concern of the
social media on the ground of professional competence as the fourth estate of
the realm. This is so because, social media as a community has had a huge
impact on the people and a lot of person have confidence in it. It has therefore, become very important to
assess the roles of social media on electoral education in Nigeria.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study is
focused on examining the role(s) of social media on electoral education in
Nigeria; specifically, the following aims are highlighted:
To examine
the possibility of employing social media as a tool for electoral education in
Nigeria.
To examine
the unique roles of social media in enhancing electoral education in Nigeria.
To recommend
effective ways of using social for a successful electoral education in Nigeria.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study
will be of importance to the political participants as it exposes a new way of
influencing the audience into a party ideology. To the academia, the role of
social media will be explored for better understanding. Also, the study will be
referenced for further researches.
1.5 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESES
The
researcher developed and formulated for testing the following hypotheses:
H0: Social
media cannot be used as a tool for electoral education in Nigeria.
H1: Social
media can be used as a tool for electoral education in Nigeria.
H0: Social
media does not play a significant role in enhancing electoral education in
Nigeria.
H1: Social
media plays a significant role in enhancing electoral education in Nigeria.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study
will integrate different view on social media as it relates to governance and
elections. The study adopted a national perspective, i.e it holds a wholesome
view of social media and Nigeria politics. The study however is limited as it
does not state the role of social media after elections, does it serve as a
control tool or not. The study focused on its role in enhancing electoral
education in Nigeria.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Social
Media: A group of social networks interconnected in forms of websites, app and
blogs that allows individuals send and receive messages, consequently
disseminating information.
Electoral:
something that has to do with election process
Electoral
Education: A type of education centred on election and electioneering
1.8
ORGANIZATION OF STUDY
This study
is organized in five chapters. The first chapter lays the background to the
study as well as stating the problem of study and the hypotheses for testing.
The second chapter is structured to give the study a literature review. This
review is divide into the theoretical framework, Empirical framework and the
conceptual framework. Chapter three deals with research methodology including
the research design, sampling method, Data collection and the research
instruments employed. Chapter four seek to analyze the result, it is also made
up of detailed analysis of data collected and presentation of information with
the aid of quantitative and statistical models. The fifth chapter covers the
summary, conclusion and recommendation.
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