CAUSES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND ABUSE AGAINST WOMEN AND ITS EFFECTS ON FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IN FOUR SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA
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CAUSES OF DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE AND ABUSE AGAINST WOMEN AND ITS EFFECTS ON FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IN FOUR
SELECTED LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Domestic violence against women has been a
norm in the society today and we have lived with it not having the feeling that
it is wrong anymore (Godwin 2005).
Domestic violence is a product of long lasting unequal power
relationship between a man and a woman that have resulted to the control over
and discrimination against the women by the men and to the hindrance of the
complete advancement by women.
Violence against women
continues to be global epidemic that kills, tortures and maims physically,
psychological, sexually and emotionally. It is among the increasing and fierce
violation of human rights that hinders women of security, equality, personal
dignity, self-worth and right to enjoy fundamental freedom. Domestic violence
against women exists in many countries in the world, throughout the boundaries
of culture, class, education, income, ethnicity and age (Un Declaration on the
Elimination of Violence Against Women and General Assembly Resolution 1993).
Women Aid Collective
(WACOL 2004) pointed that domestic violence can be likened to anything that
provokes an action taken against someone, which is capable of robbing the
individual his or her fundamental human rights. (Women Aid Collective 2004)
also pointed that domestic violence is a kind bullying whereby an individual is
dealt with physical or mal handled, hence resulting to injury on the individual
just because the attacker cannot control the situation when it goes wild.
Kantor in Yogo (2008),
pointed out that domestic violence is a serious global topic that is always
associated with women’s segregation from supportive ties to kin. It is a very
vital component of gender-based violence that has been defined as those actions
and activities that can result to emotional, physical and psychological damage
to a person as a result of a mere misunderstanding (Ityavyar in Okeph, 2005).
As an existing issue, violence against women however, relates to a large
spectrum of issues bothering the existence of the female gender in relation to
the family. The female counterparts suffer in there marital homes because God
himself constituted marriage in the Garden of Eden and further subjected women to
be a help mate. So consequently, our social system places women in an
unfortunate position (Okpeh, 1999).
The Study of Secretary
General of United Nation (2004) further explained that early marriage has to do
with marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young
The study of Secretary
General of United Nation (2004) explained that early marriage involves the
marriage of a child below the age of 18 years. Young girls have not achieved
full maturity and capacity to act, and lack ability to control their sexuality.
When they marry and have children, their health can be adversely affected.
Early marriage has inflicted dangerous and devastating effects on young girls
who are compelled to tie the knot in most cases.
The convention on the
Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) adopt in
(1979) affirmed that the principle of fundamental rights and freedom of every
human being are guided by a broad concept of human right that stretches beyond
civil and political rights to the core issues of economic survival, health and
education that affect the quality of daily life for most women and children.
United Nation General Assembly (1993) postulated that violence and abusive
behaviour continue to be a major cause of death, injury, stress and fear in
various families. Domestic violence and abusive behaviour are responsible for
poor family relationship, although personality conflicts and troubles within a
marriage affect intimate behaviour, (Olson and Defrain 2006).
Htt://bahai-library.com.(2000)
stated that, family relationship refers to unity which is strengthened by love.
The members of the family all have duties and responsibilities toward one
another and to the family as a whole. These duties and responsibilities vary
from member to member because of their natural relationships. Such behavior can
be seen in a man that stopped the wife from government employment and made her
to engage in preparation and sales of local wine (burukutu) for many years. The
woman could not further her education after primary school certificate.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
This study’s problem
was based on, the researcher’s experiences, conversations and observations on
the happenings in families. Husbands and wives do not discuss family issues but
husbands take sole decisions. Through interactions with friends and colleagues,
women talk about their situations at home, there they are commonly abused by
their spouses through battering, sexual abuse, giving out female children in
marriage at the early years and depriving them neither to participate in the
decision of child marriage nor to take part in family affairs. Such early
marriages limit education, affects young girls’ academic pursuits, the future
compromised and other opportunities often leading to early child bearing and
increased health risks. Early child bearing affects female reproductive organs
and health problems such as unsafe abortion, and obstetric fistula. Husbands
take decision whether it suits the family or not. Though most wives and
children suffer the consequences of the heads of the families decisions.
It is also observed
that violation of women at home has made women situation difficult to
participate fully in issues concerning them in the home and in the society. As
such, women have no freedom to speak for themselves because of fear of
punishment from their husbands. Men think women are meant for giving birth,
taking care of the children and doing only domestic works. The problem
statement pf the study therefore was whether domestic violence against women
had effects on family relations.
1.3 Objectives of the
study
The main objective of
the study was to assess domestic violence against women on family relationship.
The specific objectives
were to:
assess the effects of
spousal abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State;
examine the effects of
sexual abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State;
identify the effects of
early marriage of young girls on family relationship in Taraba State; and
examine the effects of
deprivation of women rights in decision making on family relationship in Taraba
State.
1.4 Research Questions
This study provided
answers to the following research questions
to what extent has
spousal abuse against women affected women and family relationship in Taraba
State?
what are the effects of
sexual abuse against women on family relationship in Taraba State?
to what extent has
early marriage of young girls affected women on family relationship in Taraba
State?
to what extent has
deprivation of women’s rights in decision making affected family relationship
in Taraba State?
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The following research
hypotheses were postulated:-
H01: There is no
significant relationship between the effects of spousal abuse against women and
family relationship in Taraba State.
H02: There is no
significant relationship between the effects of sexual abuse against women and
family relationship in Taraba State.
H03: There is no significant
relationship between the effects of early marriage of young women and family
relationship in Taraba State.
H04: There is no significant
relationship between the effects of deprivation of women’s right in decision
making and family relationship in Taraba State.
1.6 Basic Assumption
This study assumed that
domestic violence against women affects women physically, morally, emotionally
and psychologically. This retards the progress of families, the state and the
nation at large.
It is assumed that when
domestic violence against women is controlled, it will reduce the rate of
sexually transmitted diseases (HIV/AIDS) and there will be fewer rates of
deaths in the families and state.
It is assumed that
talks on domestic violence against women will create awareness, thereby
allowing women to participate in decision making in the family which will
contribute to the development of the families, state and Nigeria as a nation.
1.7 Significance of the study
The findings of this
study will help women in Taraba State to identify domestic violence. Through
enlightenment they will learn to cope with such situations and be able to enjoy
their relationship in the family.
The findings of this
study will enable home economists to improve the content in family life
relationship through teaching of students. It will help husband and wife to sit
together to discuss family issues and take decision.
The findings will
educate individuals and families through teachings in the classrooms in Home
Economics subjects and courses, through seminars, conferences, giving talks to
religious organizations in the church and mosques, in public religion
gatherings. The knowledge gained from such teaching will broaden the knowledge
of men to consider women as instrument for change because when women are
educated, the whole family will be educated either directly or indirectly.
The findings will make
husbands to involve their wives in decision making for the progress of their
families and to give women rights and privileges for a harmonious relationship
since the genesis of human behaviour starts in the home.
1.8 Delimitation of the Study
The study covered
different kinds of domestic violence such as spousal abuse, sexual abuse, and
early marriage of young girls and deprivation of women’s rights in
decision-making on family relationship.
The reason for choosing married men and women is that, they are
people that have gone through violent behaviour in the home. As such they are
in a better position to say much about domestic violence. It was delimited to
married men and women in four Local Government Areas in Taraba State.
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