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MOTIVATIONAL
NEEDS OF PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Teacher
motivation naturally has to do teacher’s desire in participation in the
education process. Motivation is commonly assumed to be a good thing that goes
in influencing individual’s behaviours and performance at work. The study
addressed the motivational needs of teacher’s the factors responsible for lack
of motivational of the teacher’s and strategies for improving the motivational
needs, these needs include from society, good school building and entitlement.
Furthermore, poor payment of salary and entitlement, poor school building
conditions, lack of respect from the society are some of the factors
responsible for lack of teacher’s motivation. However restoration of teachers
past glory will go a long way in motivating teachers, salaries must be paid as
at when due and teaching facilities and to enhance teachers productivity.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of the Study
Motivation
is the term used to describe the processes, both instructive and rational which
people seek to satisfy their basic derives, perceived needs and personal goal
which trigger human behaviour (Cole 1885) it is indeed the force that energize
behaviour. The task before the researcher is to know what actually motivates
teachers to work hard and use those factors to proffer solutions in order to
get the best from the teachers or allow the teachers to contribute effectively
towards the accomplishment of the set goal and to satisfy their own needs in
the process.
An employer
should be aware that the employees have different needs, different desires for
responsibility, different level of knowledge and skills and different passive
and are manipulated, motivated and controlled by the government as the knows
what the citizens need and provide some of these needs. Needs may also be as a
result of behaviour for instance a person’s needs for accomplishment may be
made stringer by the satisfaction he derives from achieving a desired goal or
it may be dulled by failure (William 1993).
Teachers education
is one of the mainstays of democracy and national stability in the country
because teachers in any country are said to be the most reliable industry that
can put the country on lead the load to self – reliance because teacher’s are
the producers of the manpower needs of the nation which will in turn provide
the needed skills and labour of every sectors, example industrial,
technological, health, scientific and social which form the core of the nations
self – reliance.
The teacher
is a vital factor to be reckon with in any educational system. Education is a
must in the life of a nation that aspires for greatness. Good education must be
qualitative and functional. A qualitative and functional education relies
largely on a core of devoted, knowledgeable, competent and well – trained
teachers who are exposed to real life situation State Primary Education Board
(SPEB, 1994).
The
continuance and survival of our educational system at all levels depends
largely on the quality and quantity of professional teachers. This can only be
achieved by meeting the motivational needs of teachers, need identification
refers to what you require to enable you to do your work more effectively. But
to say this is easier than doing it for various reasons.
Firstly,
your own needs as an individual are forever changing as you grow older and more
and more matured. Secondly the nature of your job, whether as a teacher or head
continues to evolve, partly because of the results of the development of your
own country, but also because of new inventions and the changing relationship
of the human race to planet earth (Sisimayi, 1993)
According to
Best (1984) “Education was seen as the necessary instrument immediately and
essentially for the consolidation of the independence for securing the new
nation against neocolonialism and for making workable the newly established
self – government in a multi – ethic society” In view of this, mass education
at least to the level of literacy was also viewed by the Nigeria leaders to be
the basis to create a proper foundation for a democratic government. Up to date
the desire to use education for national building has been very compelling, and
so much as the faith in education that the school of the socialization but also
for other social functions and for economic growth and development In attempt
to achieve these goods, Universal Primary Education (UPE) and the Universal
Basic Education (UBE) were introduced nationwide 1970 and 2000 respectively,
although before these times, these were seen
and practiced in some parts of the country like the former western
Nigeria under the late Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Today, Nigeria has witnessed a
phenomenal expansion at all levels of her education.
Even though,
the laudable motives seemed to justify the very high cost of the expanded
education programme, especially of the late 1970s the schools in Nigeria are
not really effective engines for the resulted into very disappointing
performance at the school level, and as the basis of further academic
achievements, the situation actually tends towards threatening the future of
the nation. This situation is so because the able leaders that will be produced
for the future cannot be illiterate and ignorantly trained.
The ugly
situation has been causing a lot of concern and fears to various government
quarters educationist, philanthropist, parents and the generality of the
Public. Kolo, (2000) concluded that “This declining trend has been causing a
lot of concern and fears in of various governmental quarters since the report
concluded that the nation is heading for the breeding of generations illiterate
Nigerians. The failure of Nigerian schools is thus indicating that the health
and well – being of the nation’s society may be in jeopardy”.
Statement of
the Problem
The problem
for the study is that primary school teachers are not properly motivated
because the authorities and the society as well as the system do not in any way
seem to meet their needs, morally, economically, psychologically, socially to
mention just a few, hence, that is why you see teachers are not given the due
respect in the society but even pupils that they teach, because of their low
level of economic power in the society that worship material rather than
dignity. They are most at times treated and considered as nothing in the eyes
of the society. It is in the light of the above that this research intends to
investigate their motivational needs so that at the end of the study, solutions
will be provided or recommended that can give the teacher his rightful place in
the society.
Ironically,
it can be seen or observed that teachers at all levels are relegated to the
background and teaching itself which hitherto was humble, respected and highly
motivated profession has become a job and thus becoming a dumping ground that
is not respected by even those in the teaching profession talk less of others.
While those in charge of ensuring adequate monitoring supervision and
evaluation as well as reward of the system goes to the hard working staff and
punishment go to the truants are nonetheless not doing their work because they
too are not motivated. Worst hit by this act of share neglect are the primary
school teachers who most of the time are teaching under a very pathetic and
unfavorable atmosphere that portrays nothing but the ghost shadow of this noble
profession.
Objectives
of the Study
The general
objectives of the study are to investigate into the motivational needs of
primary school teachers in Kaduna North L.G.A, the Specific objectives of the
study are:
i.
To find out the motivational needs of primary school teachers in Kaduna
North L.G.A.
ii.
To identify the factors responsible for the lack of motivation to
teachers.
iii.
To identify the strategies for improving motivation amongst primary
school teachers.
Significance
of the Study
It is hoped
that when this research is completed, the findings will be significant not only
to the teachers, the local government authority, the pupils themselves but even
the society. To the teachers, it is hoped that the findings will be helpful to
them by identifying their motivational needs which when accomplished will bring
back their lost glory and make them more productive and that means a step in
the right direction in producing a virile society.
v To the
authority, the recommendations can assist them in improving in their manpower
planning and development as well as be responsive to the yearnings of their
citizens and that is what democracy is all about.
v To the
pupils they stand to gain most because they will get qualitative education and
be responsible leaders of tomorrow.
v To the
society they stand to benefit from a highly productive and efficient teaching
staff as well as disciplined, dedicated and productive youths which is an asset
to any society.
Scope of the
Study
The scope of
the study will be delimited only to primary school teachers in the public
primary schools in Kaduna North Local Government Area. This is because the
public teachers are the ones that are directly close to the general public and
the ones most neglected.
Limitations
It is
virtually true that research work in any academic atmosphere is usually
associated with certain problems and difficulties; hence this research work like
any other research has experience a number of problems. The limitation imposed
on this study is the inability of the researcher to reach out to all the
population because of the number and location of the respondents who are
scattered all over the Local Government Area. Other Limitations include the
methods of answering the questionnaire by wrong and unqualified people, delay
for a very long period of time before the completion of the questionnaires.
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