A CRITICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF JOB STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKERS IN NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK, CALABAR)
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A CRITICAL
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF JOB STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BANKERS IN NIGERIA (A
CASE STUDY OF UNION BANK, CALABAR)
ABSTRACT
The study
investigated and evaluated job stress and its effects on job performance among
members of staff at Union Bank. The study sought to find out how work-related
stress could affect the productivity of staff of Union Bank in the dispensation
of quality banking staff in Nigeria. In addition, it identified certain factors
which contribute to job stress among staff of the Bank. The systematic sampling
technique was used to select 150 participants for the study. The results of
this study revealed that workload was the major cause of job stress among staff
of Union Bank It was further observed that respondents, in order to relieve
stress often walk around and visit other colleagues in their offices to discuss
matters unrelated to work thereby affecting productivity at the Bank.
Health-wise, some members of staff of the Bank had developed chronic back pain,
an effect of long sitting hours at work. Management commitment to
employee-related issues such as paying attention to workload conflict,
supervisors recognition of outstanding output of staff and the introduction of
proper stress management training programmes were perceived as significant
steps which if embraced, were identified as major contributory factors that
could contribute to improve productivity of staff and boost output of staff.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND STUDY
Job stress
has been of great concern to employees and other stakeholders of organizations.
Job stress researchers agree that stress is a serious problem in many
organizations (Cooper and Cartwright, 1994; Varca, 1999; Ornelas and Kleiner
2003). The cost of job stress is very high in many organizations in recent
times. For instance, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) reports that
inefficiencies arising from job may cost up to 10 perce GNP (Midgley, 1996).
Job stress
is defined as the perception of a discrepancy between environmental demands
(stressors) and individual capacities to fill these demands (Topper, 2007;
Vermut and Steensma, 2005; Ornels and Kleiner, 2003; Varca, 1999). Christo and
Pienaar (2006) for example, argued that the causes of job stress include
perceived loss of job, and security, sitting for long periods of time or heavy
lifting, lack of safety, complexity of repetitiveness and lack of autonomy in
the job.
In addition,
job stress is caused by lack of resources and equipment; work schedules (such
as working late or overtime and organizational climate are considered as
contributors to employees stress. Job stress often shows high dissatisfaction
among the employees, job mobility, burnout, poor work performance and less
effective interpersonal relations at work (Manshor, Rodrigue, and Chong, 2003).
Johnson (2001) similarly argued that interventions like identifying or
determining the signs of stress, identifying the possible causes for the signs
and developing possible proposed solutions for each signs are required.
Therefore,
this research will try to find out the effects of job stress on job performance
and interventions that can be applied by Management and employees to manage
stress effectively at Union Bank. To acquire a deeper understanding of the
variable (job stress) we will first consider the broader topic of stress in
general and then zero in on the variable within the context of Union Bank.
STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
The current
turbulent environment in which some workers conduct their work requires that
organizations examine their practices. Working in the Nigerian banking industry
is an inherently stressful profession with long working hours, heavy workloads,
difficult customers and conflicting demands. The physical and psychology
demands of workers at the bank make them more vulnerable to high levels of
stress. The effects of stress are evidenced as increased errors in data entry,
high medical bills, lateness to work, low productivity and increased sick
leaves. Despite the extremely negative effects of job stress on the human body
and work performance, many organizations, with Union Bank not being an
exception has not put in any concrete measures to address these stress-related
conditions that negatively affect productivity. Furthermore, there has not been
a conscious establishment of a linkage between job stress and its negative
effect on productivity.
It is in the
light of these problems that this research seeks to bring to the fore the
implication of job stress on the overall performance of institutions.
OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of this study are:
1. To
examine the effects of job stress on bank workers in the performance of their
job.
2. To
evaluate Management competencies for controlling and reducing stress at work.
3. To assess
the support for those people who are suffering from stress.
4. To assess
how work related stress can affect the health of workers.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the
objectives of the study, the specific research questions to which answers
were sought
are:
What factors
contribute to low productivity among staff of Union Bank?
Are there
any strategies which could be adopted to prevent or reduce stress among staff
of Union Bank?
What can be
done to help staff of Union Bank with stress related problems?
Does job
stress have any effect on the health of Union Bank staff?
RELEVANCE OF
THE STUDY
Stress
Management is important to healthy functioning of organizations as it seeks to
increase productivity since one can clearly focus on tasks, better memory,
improved immune system and better blood pressure. In Nigeria, job stress is not
being given the attention it deserves and so very little has been done as far
as assessing the role of stress on job performance within organizations. It is
in the light of this that this study is deemed important, as it will:
Create
awareness among managers on the need to provide the needed platform to help
staff deal with their stresses.
The study
has the potential to stimulate, among scholars and customers, an interest in
the study of stress among bank workers in Nigeria.
ORGANISATION
OF THE STUDY
The entire
study is divided into five (5) chapters. Chapter one gives a general
introduction about the study, while chapter two focuses on some theoretical
frameworks and reviews of related literature about the subject. The chapter
three presents the methodology used in the data collection. Chapter four
analyses, summarizes and presents the data for the study. The final chapter
provides a summary of findings, conclusion and makes recommendation for the
solution of the problem studied.
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