An Examination Into The Factors That Impair The Implementation Of Policies In The Public Service Of Enugu State
BEFORE YOU READ THE ABSTRACT OR CHAPTER
ONE OF THE PROJECT TOPIC BELOW, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW.THANK YOU!
INFORMATION:
YOU CAN GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT OF THE
TOPIC BELOW. THE FULL PROJECT COSTS N5,000 ONLY. THE FULL INFORMATION ON HOW TO
PAY AND GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT IS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE. OR YOU CAN
CALL: 08068231953, 08168759420
An
Examination Into The Factors That Impair The Implementation Of Policies In The
Public Service Of Enugu State
ABSTRACT
The topic of
this research work is “An Examination into the factors that impair the
implementation of policies in the public service of Enugu State. “A Case Study
of Enugu State Civil Service Commission”
In pursuance
for this investigation, four research objectives were formulated. The
Objectives include:
(i) The examination of the public service and its
role in policy formulation and implementation.
(ii) To determine the extent of implementation of
formulated policies by the civil service.
(iii) To
identify the problems/factors that impairs the implementation of government
policies in the public service.
(iv) To make
recommendations that will prevent improper implementation of government
policies.
The
researcher utilized the library and sample survey techniques. The sample size
was statistically determined to be sixty nine (69) respondents. The data were
gathered mainly through questionnaires, interviews and observation. The
questionnaires were administrated to the sixty-nine respondents, to analyze the
data collected. The researchers used simple percentage ratios as well as pie
charts.
Based on the
analysis, the following findings were made:
i. That
government sometimes constitutes bottleneck in policy formulation and
implementation.
ii.
Red-tapism, haphazardness, recklessness and political instability have not
allowed the smooth formulation and implementation of policies.
iii. The
objectives of policies are not always taken into consideration during the
implementation.
Based on
these findings, the researcher recommended among other that efforts should be
made to ensure strict monitoring of policies through a well articulated
feed-back system: Again it was recommended that political stability would
reverse the present trend of events in the state civil service whereby policies
are implemented hap-harzardly and most often abandoned entirely when new
administrations take over the government.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
We live in
an era of mounting individualism, a trait characterized by growing insecurity.
The undesirable consequences of break-down of traditional values. Increasingly,
we are moving away in many respects from the old norm that we once assumed as
enduring and guiding, carrying with it what almost amounted to religious
sanctity.
We seem to
be losing that strong bond of fellowship assured by human emotion in its place
a mercantile-type of association of dubious content and value is developing.
The rat race for materialism grows faster and, in the process, appreciation of
life and how it should be lived assumes less and less significance.
A greater
symptom of insecurity and a sense of helplessness can hardly be depicted.
Although societies have ways of correcting themselves, or their ills, it is not
often that the cure they apply lives on, unscathed or wholly intact. It is a
duty therefore that we remind ourselves that failure to examine the condition
we live in from time to time could only be indulged at great expense to those
things we hold dear and orderly development, it not for the time we live in,
but surely for those of our children and their children
According to
Ciroma, (1980:5) No society however small, primitive or fragmented conducts
itself on an ad-hoc basic. No matter how disorderly and deceptive in appearance
its system may strike the outsider, it conforms to some ordered pattern,
fashioned out of experience and watched for inevitable changes guided by its
chosen leaders. This is where public service becomes imperative.
Basically,
public service is the colossal impressive layering of certain
contrivances-governmental, coercive and ideological apparatuses thrown up by
the political system to perform functions relating to roles relationships.
The public
service in its many diverse forms functions as its name suggests. But
essentially, it is the organism those holding political control, at any given
period use as tool in fulfilling survival and worthwhile living. Since there is
no organization that intends to succeed that does not organization that intends
to succeed that does not operate on some procedural basis and in which the
principle of chain of command is not clearly defined, so it is with the public
service where every functionary, however lowly placed, wants to know the era of
his responsibility. The limit of his authority and his means of exercising it.
The values
the community cherished are thus not only protected but they carry in-built
machinery to effect changes where this becomes necessary. A fairly defined way
of doing things and interaction amongst people is thus established and largely
adhered to by the community when appropriately implemented as the philosophy
guiding its existence. This particular guiding is what is known as policy.
According to
Enudu (1997: 12), a policy is a guide for making administrative decision. It is
an internal administrative law governing the execution of within the
organization. A policy may be stated orally or in writing.
As human
society continues to unfold, government found themselves committed to the
promotion of economic growth and development. Today, the work of government
extends too many of society’s life. There is a noticeable increase in the
activities of government all over the world. They deal with foreign governments
at the same time as they oversee internal and external trade, look into
industrial and agricultural growth of the country as well as into the health of
the population and even their sporting activities. It is not possible for the
few ministries, the chief executive and his political advisers, the legislators
and the judges and magistrates who make up three arms of government to do all
these. Even if they have the time and energy to carry out all their functions
they will not have among themselves alone the necessary expertise to go around
their specialized activities.
Members of
government do not know everything and they do not necessarily know more than
everybody in their own area of expertise.
According to
Udenta, (1994: 72), Government of all kind(s) in all societies requires
officials for putting into effect government policy. They need teachers,
doctors, auditors, accountants, engineers, space and other scientists and so
on. This is where the civil service comes into the picture.
The civil
service is necessary not only for putting into effect government policy, but
also for ensuring that the services already in existence are carried on
efficiently and smoothly. The civil service also monitors sectoral developments
with a view to improving upon existing standards and practices, correcting
observed pitfalls and ensuring a forward movement. Thus, the civil service
takes part in policy formulation. In view of all this, the civil service
operates very considerably less on the whims and caprices of individuals’
office holders and more on clearly defined and established operational
guidelines.
Nevertheless,
evidence has shown that this organ of the government has not been able to live
up to expectation. According to Ekang (1984: 3) “public service has been
accused of having records of inefficiency, indiscipline and laziness”. This
assertion was further justified by: enactment of Decree Nos. of 1988 which
emphasized the importance of professionalization of the civil service as a
measured for increasing efficiency. Again in 1995 this decree was repealed
because it failed to yield the expected result due to poor implementation.
Again, on
22nd June 2005, the performance improvement Bureau was established by the Enugu
State Government with the assistance from the (SLGP) of the U.K. (DFID).
The
performance improvement Bureau was primarily set up to help improve
productivity and efficiency in the Enugu State civil service. The Bureau is
expected to champion, in conjunction with ministries, department and agencies
of Enugu State Government, the improvement of governments function through
implementing reforms that promote modernization of work processes e-governance
and adoption of global and national best practices.
The
performance improvement Bureau is also mandated to help refocus the state’s
civil service towards service delivery and making effective use of the public
sector as a primary platform for poverty reduction in the state.
The specific
mandate of the performance improvement Bureau is as follows:
To
facilitate the development of performance improvement instruments for all the
ministries department and agencies. This involves the following:
Assist
ministries, departments and develop appropriate strategies.
Help define
appropriate performance measurement criteria etc
2. Set up
and implement monitoring procedures to ensure that ministries, department and
agencies are assessed according to set targets contained in their instrument.
3. Provide
support to ministries, departments and agencies that are struggling to meet the
performance targets.
In line with
the above mandate, the performance improvement Bureau, headed by a permanent
secretary who is the co-coordinator and assisted by 6 (six) advises, has been
leading the various reform initiatives of the Enugu State Government. The
Bureau reports to the Head of service of Enugu State. It is on record that the
Bureau has been able to successfully work with various, (MDAS) of Government to
Introduce and Implement Initiative that elicits positive changes in the way
government is run, and to help increase the focus, mind set and attitude of the
civil servants in the state towards being more result oriented.
It has also
been working with ministries, departments and agencies to design and implement
capacity building programs to enhance the capacity of civil servants to deliver
service in a timely efficient and effective manner. Some of the specific
programs that the Bureau has championed include the following:
Introduction
of code of conduct for public servants
Routine
monitoring of service delivery by all ministries, departments and agencies
Introduction
of public complaints procedure (Redress management).
Championing
the use of characters by ministries, departments and agencies
Capacity
building / training programs
“Communication
for change” program
Monitoring
of the performance of ministries, departments and agencies
Assisting
ministries, departments and agencies
In Enugu
State Public Service to develop their work plans and in the development of
human resource data base of the state’s civil service which has led to the
elimination of ghost workers and reduction in the states wage bill.
Although the
performance improvement bureau has performed creditably well as could be seen
from the achievements marshaled above the accusation leveled against the civil
service and the civil servants for inept performance has remained. It is
therefore, based on this poor state of affairs and the huge sum of amount which
is always spent on formulation of these policies without successful
implementation that the researcher embarked on this study to find out the
factors that militate against the implementation of these policies. The
findings of this study will enable the researcher to put things in their proper
perspective. The researcher is making use of the civil service commission,
Enugu as a case study considering the role it plays in the formulation and
implementation of policies.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Government
policies are sometimes believed to be impaired by certain factors. One of such
factors has been identified to include a “Sick Public Service”.
In his
speech on SAP – the road not taken, Momoh (1988:40) lamented on the state of
our civil service.
“We
fashioned out development plans just as Rorea and what beautiful documents
these plans have been. Even the National Development Plan of 1970 – 74 gave us
a dream which is the dream of development; a dynamic economy run by a people
with equality of opportunity and whose system of government is democratic.
. . . . We
were in English in America, in France, in the USSR. We came home, away with the
laurels of learning and scholarship. But our “achievement” is what we have
today: a sick public service”.
It is this
sickness that has reduced the efficiency of the civil service to an unaccepted
level, resulting in policies either being implemented haphazardly or allowed to
die a natural death soon after their formulation. We have had the following
agricultural policies which never achieved their objectives due to poor
implementation. These include palm for palm program, (VSS), school to land
program, MOSSAI and so on. These were laudable policies which never achieved
their expected objectives. According to Ejiofor, (1984:80) “we wanted enough
food to feed our rapidly growing population; and thought this can be achieved
by slogans and propaganda. In various times we launched ‘Back to land’, (OFN)
‘food for the people program’ and the Green Revolution, while the policy makers
were enjoying life in the towns, grabbing all available plots for themselves,
and bringing in their relations to enjoy with them and while they were sending
their children overseas to study medicine, engineering, law etc they were
asking “the youths to go back to land”.
Naturally,
the youths did not take them serious unfortunately too, crops do not take
verbal orders from men. Agriculture continues to decline. There are other
policies in the health sector that also did not achieve the set objectives for
their formulation owing to improper enforcement and implementation. Such
policies include; ban on smoking in the public places, environmental sanitation
in offices as well as maintaining orderliness in the public. These were sound
government policies which were meant to bring sanity into the system and which
never made any headway because of the problem of poor implementation by the
public service.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This work
has as its objectives firstly, the examination of the public service and its
role in policy formulation and implementation.
It is also
the aim of this work to determine the extent of implementation of formulated
policies by the civil service.
The third
objective of this project is to identify the problems / factors that impair the
implementation of government policies.
To make
recommendations that will prevent improper implementation of government
policies.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study
will be of immense importance to the government, the public service,
educational and research institutions.
To the
government, it will enable it to adjust and react positively to the problems
identified to give leverage to the smooth running or implementation of its
policies. This will of course reduce the cost of implementing the policies and
give credibility to such government of its policies succeed to achieve the set
objectives.
To the
public service, this work will help it to understand in more detailed from
problems that forestall or impair policy implementation; the leeway to the
problems.
Finally it
creates room for further research to students in the higher institutions of
learning and other research institutions for educational development in the
country especially in matters relating to policy formulation and implementation
in the public service.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
This study
intends to provide answers to the following questions.
What are the
roles of civil service in policy formulation and implementation?
To what
extent has the public service achieved the implementation of its policies?
What are the
factors that impair the implementation of policies in the public service?
What is the
degree/or to what extent has the identified problems/factors affected the
efficiency of the public service?
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
This
research is based on the evaluation of factors that impair the implementation
of government policies in the public service. However, this work is limited to
Enugu State for proper articulation. It will therefore serve as a parameter for
measuring the effectiveness of the public service with particular reference to
Enugu State Civil Service Commission.
In the course
of this research work, the researcher was exposed to a lot of restrictions and
accessibility to certain classes of information that would have made this work
a master piece. Most of the important officers interviewed were so skeptical
about giving out some classified information relating to the performance of the
civil service commission to avoid being victimized by their superior officers.
This situation in no doubt affected the comprehensiveness of this project.
There are
also problems of time and finance needed for the accomplishment of this vital
study and which have punctuated on in depth study of this topic to this level.
The
researcher however claim the absoluteness of efforts and purpose and look at
this work as the best that could be achieved given the aforementioned
constraints. The researcher at the same time accepts responsibility for any
inadequacy of this research project.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Some terms
used in this work are defined thus:
VSS: This
means, the volunteer service scheme.
OFN: This
means, operation feed the nation.
MDAS: This
stands for, Ministries, Departments and Agency.
DFID: This
stands for, department for international development.
SLGP: This
stands for, state and local government
program.
SAP: This
means, structural adjustment program.
USSR: This
stands for,Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
MAMSER :
This means,Mass Mobilization for Self Reliance, social justice, and Economic
Recover
EXCO: This
stands for Executive Council of Enugu State.
HOW TO GET THE FULL PROJECT
WORK
PLEASE, print the following
instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written
material(s).
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
After paying the appropriate
amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following information to
08068231953 or 08168759420
(1)
Your project topics
(2)
Email Address
(3)
Payment Name
(4)
Teller Number
We
will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
BANK ACCOUNTS
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 0046579864
Bank:
GTBank.
OR
Account
Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
Account
Number: 2023350498
Bank:
UBA.
FOR MORE INFORMATION, CALL:
08068231953 or 08168759420
AFFILIATE
Comments
Post a Comment