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THE IMPACT
OF MATERIAL HANDLING COST REDUCTION EFFORT IN PUBLIC INSTITUTION
ABSTRACT
This project
work is centered on The Impact of material handling cost reduction effort in
public institutions a case study of PHCN
kaduna. It begins with the first chapter that deals with the background of the
study which gives brief introduction about the subject matter under study.
Statement of problem which is the reason why the researcher under take the
study to exploit such problem and come up with recommendation which will be
beneficial to the organisation and entire society. Research question is drawn
up which is in line with the objective of the research work to be open up to
get variables for questionnaires to be administered. Chapter two deals with the
review of previous work carried out by other authors on a similar topic.
Chapter three deals with the research methodology with research design
correlation studies to establish the relationship between material handling and
profitability. The study have a sample size of 50 which is 20% of the population
of 250 drawn from materials management related department and the sample size
selected randomly and questionnaire were administered to them for their
response. The findings of the study show that material handling have
relationship with the profitability of the organisation. Thus it was concluded
that material handling in PHCN is not properly carried out, because
replenishment drive is not according to actual materials requirement. Therefore
recommended that material handling unit should be established and the use of
actual materials requirement should be the principle upon which material
replenishment is carried out to ensure that materials are not hold in excess
and also not.
CHAPTER I
1.1 Background of the Study
During the
Second World War after the industrial revolution, industries sprang up in
hundreds every day. As a result of the increase in industries, raw materials
became scarce. This made production to be complex. Accounts needed to be
prepared and customers needed to be attended to within a short period of time.
Alternative sources were required and new product needed improvement and
development. With this problem in mind, the material management concept was
introduced with the view to solving them in a scientific manner to achieve optimal
success and reduce production cost. By the 1950s and 1960s an uneven transition
from the old concept of material management as clerical function to a newer
function or concept of material management emerged which embraced inventory
control, distribution and buying function. By late 1960s material management
was recognized as an important function in an organization. Thus, the
importance of material management lies in the fact that any significant
contribution made by the materials manager in reducing material cost will go
along way in reducing production cost and improving the profitability and the
rate of return on investment. Today, materials are the livelihood of any
industry, no industry can operate without them, they must be made available at
the proper time, in proper quality, at the proper place and at the proper
price.
Material
handling is an integral aspect of material management that is concerned with
the means by which materials move in the
materials are moved from one stage of processing to the other in such a
way that processing, safe movement and use of space is enhanced. Hence, it is
also an integral part of a production process which does not really contribute
to the value of what is being processed, but an integral part of a production
process which does not really contribute greatly to the processing cost. It is
for this reason that this research work tends to take a clerical look at the
significance of material handling and its impact on production cost.
1.2 Statement of Problems
As it has
been stated earlier, the impact of material handling on the production cost of
an organization with particular reference to the PHCN industry, forms the basis
of the research. This is not only because materials cost forms the overall 65%
of the cost of running any organization according to some research in material
management, but also because materials must be moved from one processing stage
to another. Thus, there is always the need to effectively manage materials in
order to curtail the amount of waste and also enhance maximum service in such
organizations. This particularly calls for effective materials handling and
maintaining a standard in the cost of production.
Another
problem is the employment of unqualified personnel to handle the store activities.
This problem often results to poor material handling, deterioration, pilferage,
theft and redundancy. Now that store operation is beginning to receive
attention of those in authority, the necessity to actively coordinate these
activities for better performance to create more impact and subsequently more
recognition can not be over emphasized. Effective material handling and its
prime function is a matter of ensuring that sufficient materials are retained
in the store to meet all requirement without carrying unnecessary large stock
or too little to ensure efficiency and profitability in PHCN.
The
researcher also gathers that there has been negligence of the store department
and sometime brought under unrelated department which result in poor performance.
This scenario depicts the existence of material handling deficiencies in the
area of planning, replenishment, recording and inventory control which effect
profitability in the organization.
1.3Objective
of the Study
The
rationale for this study is to examine critically the application and to
understand the impact of effective material handling which deals with the
inflow and out flow of materials into
within and right through to the consumer of the products in relationship
to its operational performance and economic.
This study
is specifically designed to
i. Investigate the current trend of
materials availability in the organization under study.
ii. Establish the effectiveness in the
material handling system in PHCN.
iii. Evaluate the impact of deficiencies
in material handling system on profitability.
iv. Examine the factors responsible for
dismal performance in material handling.
v. Suggest strategies for effective
coordination and management of material handling system that can improve and
provide constant and uninterrupted flow of materials which will invariably
contribute to the profitability level of the organization under study.
1.4Significance
of the Study
The research
work is carried out to be of benefit to individual, organizations and the society
in general. Thus the significance of the study are:
The project
work will be beneficial to subsequent researcher who will want to undertake a
research into similar or related fields of study as it will provide them with
relevant information on the subject matter.
The study
will also provide the public with first hand information and knowledge on how
stores or materials are managed and control in public establishment with regard
to PHCN.
Similarly
the research work has been undertaken to broaden the knowledge of the
researcher and the society on how efficient material handling can contribute to
the survival and profit level of an organization with particular reference to
PHCN. Therefore the project will highlight the benefit which PHCN and other organization
stand to gain if they employ and apply the right material handling system
manned by qualified and trained professionals.
1.5Delimitation
of the Study
The scope of
these study is restricted and confined to the material handling system in
public institutions from 2007-2009 with the population of 250 staff drawn from
production, materials management, power plant and utility units and a sample
size of 50 which represent 20% of the population.
The study
seek to established the impact of effective method of material handling on the
profitability of PHCN putting into consideration the enormous materials that
serve as input for the organization.
1.6Research
Questions
To measure
the impact of material handling to the profitability of PHCN, the researcher
has drawn up some research questions which are:
i. What is the rate of materials
availability in the organization under study?
ii. Why is material handling system
ineffective in PHCN?
iii. What are the effects of deficiencies
in material handling system in profitability level in PHCN?
iv. What are the factors responsible for
poor performance in material handling?
v. What are the remedies for improving
efficiency of material handling system in PHCN?
1.7Definition
of Terms
Stock: All
the tangible asset of a company other than the fixed asset.
Control:
Standard set for checking the result of an activity.
Profitability:
Adding or bringing to profit of an organization.
Stock
taking: This is a complete process of writing the quantity balance of the
entire range of items held in stock.
Stock
Checking: This is any other check on physical quantity which may be applied
either regularly or intermittently.
Redundant:
Holding excess stock over normal equipment.
Materials:
These are components, spare parts, semi processed goods in an organization.
Store: Is
the place where all raw materials, component parts, are held for safe keeping.
Stock out:
It is not having the required parts or materials on hand when and where they
are needed.
Stock level:
Is a predetermined quantity of stock to be held.
Obsolete:
When an item is no longer usable by the organization concern because of a
change in operational practice or method of production.
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