INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS AND THE BANE ENCOUNTERED BY THE TECHNICAL TEACHERS IN TEACHING INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY
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INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS AND THE BANE ENCOUNTERED BY THE TECHNICAL TEACHERS IN TEACHING
INTRODUCTORY TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Educators
and Researchers have observed that the commonly used method of teaching which
is discussion method does not make any effect on some field of studies. For example in the field of introductory
technology. The purpose of this study
was to determine the bane encountered by Technical Teachers in the teaching of
introductory Technology with and without instructional materials as well as the
appropriate instructional materials needed at the junior secondary schools in
District II of school division in Lagos State.
The research design is survey design.
From the literature review six (6) research questions were
designed. The population was all the
Introductory Technology teachers in all the Junior Secondary Schools in
District II of School division in Lagos State. The samples of seventy (70)
Technical Teachers were used. The
research instrument was the questionnaire.
The data analysis collected on this study is analysed based on the
research questions for the study. Some
of the schools where the research was conducted lacked an Introductory
Technology workshop not to talk of the instructional materials found in
it. Some of the recommendations were;
They should teach each topic of the subject with instructional materials so as
to motivate the students and make them understand the subject so as to perform
well academically and outside school.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0Background
Of The Study
It has been
observed over the years by educators and students that Teachers have been
depending on excessive use of words to express ideas to leaning during the
teacher – student interaction, so teachers are accused of talking too
much. Today, advances in Technology
have made it possible to change the bane often encountered by the Technical
Teachers during the teaching and learning of Introductory Technology. By this move, they are no longer required to
depend solely on discussion method of Teaching and learning process. These advances in Technology have also made
it possible to provide materials and devices that could be used to make the
transfer of knowledge and skills more meaningful and concrete. Educators and the public also observed that
the performance of students are not encouraging in Introductory Technology due
to the absence of some things.
Students
also do not attend Introductory Technology classes because the Technical
Teachers have nothing to make the subject more concrete. To this end researchers have come to realize
that the advances in Technology have provided some materials and devices for
the use of Technical Teachers in the teaching of Introductory Technology. These materials and devices are called
Instructional Materials. These
Instructional Materials Comprises of Charts, Posters, Audio-Visual aids,
Realia, Audio aids, visual aids and so on.
It has been observed critically by researchers that these Instructional
Materials are not at the reach of most teachers for effective use in the
classroom. Ogunmilade (1999) of the media press in Education, University of
Ife, argued in favour of Instructional Materials that they are instrument
through which the teaching and learning process could be encouraged and carried
on. Instructional Materials are indispensable for effective teaching at the
preparatory levels because, they are not only assisting the teacher but also
they motivate the learners to learn, Okafor (1998). However, the successful implementation of
this system of education called 6 – 3 – 3 – 4 in which Introductory Technology
is a basic subject, depends on the Technical Teachers and the appropriate and
available Instructional Materials. Since
Instructional Materials have been known to be materials and devices used to aid
Teaching and learning process, some Technical Teachers still lack the basic
knowledge of the important of Instructional Materials. This could be due to lack of skill
acquisition or not being trained.
Instructional Materials such as Posters, safety codes, operational
manuals which are to guide the students in their workshop practice, if lacking
would either create a problem to the Technical Teachers or students in the
effective Teaching and learning of Introductory Technology. A report on the performance analysis of
students offering Introductory Technology from one of the Junior Secondary
Schools in Somolu Local Education
District, of past years was observed to be very poor. It was observed that ten out of hundreds of
the student offering the subject had a pass mark. Olayiwole (1998) said that students perform
well and learn skills faster when the topic is being Demonstrated and
Practicalized. He went further to say
that in teaching and learning, Demonstration and practicalization should go in
the ratio of 10:25. This emphasizes that
Instructional Materials should be presented to the students more readily to aid
them practicalize what they have been taught.
Nigeria has been emphasizing self employment and grassroot Technical
Industries and has therefore advocated the establishment of Technical Colleges
at various levels in which the Junior Secondary Schools are the foundation
level. The teaching of Introductory
Technology therefore entails abundant Instructional materials and equipment to
cater for Technological subject which are practical by nature. For our students to develop favorable
attitude towards Introductory Technology they should be exposed to many
Instructional Materials to aid in their acquisition of knowledge and
skills. It is obvious that lack of
Instructional Materials hampers the effective Teaching and learning of
Introductory Technology. This could be
one of the factors contributing to students poor performance and negative
attitude to Introductory Technology.
This study
therefore emphasizes that Instructional Materials are essential in the teaching
and learning of Introductory Technology by the Technical Teachers, so as to
achieve the required results by the Technical Teachers, Students, School,
Society and the nation at large. It is
therefore necessary to investigate the bane encountered by the Technical
Teachers Teaching Introductory Technology, the effect of this bane and students
performance in Introductory Technology.
1.1 Statement Of The Problem
Technical
Teachers lack the necessary Instructional Materials for effective teaching and
learning of Introductory Technology.
They also lack the effective skills acquisitions needed at the Junior
Secondary School Level. Teaching in abstraction brings ineffective Teaching and
Learning. In a situation where the Technical Teacher who is to be practically
oriented do a lot of discussion method of teaching without the use of
Instructional Materials along side, the students will lack the basic skills
needed in performing well in Introductory Technology at the Junior Secondary
School Level. These scare the students
away from the subject, also they are not being motivated. Acquisition of basic skills at the Junior
Secondary level is then impossible.
What are the
problems to be encountered by the Technical Teachers in the Teaching of
Introductory Technology with and without Instructional Materials?
1.2 Purpose Of The Study
The purpose
of this study is to determine the bane Technical Teachers encounter when they
teach with Instructional Materials and when they do not teach with it, the
study is also meant to determine the
appropriate Instructional Materials for the teaching of Introductory
Technology at the Junior Secondary
Schools.;
1. Determining the appropriate
Instructional Material for teaching Introductory Technology by the Technical
Teachers in the Junior Secondary Schools.
2. Investigating the effect of
inavailable Instructional Materials in Teaching Introductory Technology at the
Junior Secondary level.
3. Identifying the Motivational effect
of Instructional Materials in the teaching and learning of Introductory
Technology.
4. Determining the effect of Instructional
Materials on students’ performance in Introductory Technology.
5. Identifying the problems that
Technical Teachers encounter with the use of Instructional Materials.
6. Identifying the problems Technical
Teachers encounter when they teach without Instructional Materials.
1.3 Significance Of The Study
It is hoped
that the findings of this study would throw more light on some of the banes
encountered by the Technical Teachers in the teaching of Introductory
Technology with and without Instructional Materials at the Junior Secondary
School level. This study may also be of
importance to Junior Secondary School Technical Teachers on proper and
effective method of Teaching Introductory Technology. This study is also hoped to change the
negative attitudes of the students towards the subject, Introductory Technology
at the Junior Secondary School level.
Finally,
based on the findings, Government may also be able to embark on worthy
decisions like provision of Instructional Materials necessary for the teaching
of the subject by the Technical Teachers so as to militate the bane encountered
by them, and organizing Seminars and workshops to improve and modernize their
teaching methods.
1.4Research
Questions
The research
questions of this study are:-
1. What are the appropriate
Instructional Materials needed for teaching Introductory Technology by the
Technical Teachers at the Junior Secondary Schools?
2. What effect does an inavailable
Instructional material have on the effective teaching of Introductory
Technology at the Junior Secondary School?
3. What motivational effect do
Instructional Materials have on the teaching and learning of Introductory
Technology?
4. What effect has Instructional
Materials on students’ performance in Introductory Technology?
5. What are the problems Technical
Teachers encounter with the use of Instructional Materials?
6. What are the problems Technical
Teachers encounter when they teach without Instructional Materials.
1.5 The Scope Of The Study
This
research work is centered mainly on Technical Teachers Teaching Introductory
Technology in the Junior Secondary Schools with Particular reference to District
II of School division in Lagos State.
The issues involved were only studies from one District Lagos
State. Therefore generalization can only
be limited to District II of School division in Lagos State.
1.6 Definition Of Terms
1. Bane:
Difficulties or problems one
encounters over something.
2. Instructional Materials: They are those devices that and the
teaching and learning process.
3. Introductory Technology: This is a
pre-vocational course which is offered in Junior Secondary schools level. It
comprises of; wood work, metal work, automechanics, Electrical Electronics,
Building Constructioin and Technical drawing.
4. Pre-vocational subject: These are
subjects offered at the Junior Secondary School which are meant to give the
students basic knowledge and skills on Technology Literacy.
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