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THE ROLE OF
MANAGERS IN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF AN ORGANISATION
Abstract
The topic of
this study is “The Roles of Managers in Effective and Efficient Management of
The Organization” “A case study of Nigeria Breweries Plc, Ibadan, Oyo State.
The company has a population of about 200 staffs. Yaro Yamani formular was used to find the sample
size which is 150 and that was the number of questionnaires distributed. The
objectives of this study is to ascertain The extent to which managers can have
a substantial impact on performance and organization’s success or failure
cannot be over emphasized. Managers
establish the type of climate which facilitates motivation and successful
performance of the organization. Managers play important role in an
organization’s life. They direct, guide,
influence, facilitate and coordinate the activities in the organization. The realization of organizational goals
depends also on them as well as the works.
The study examines if managers have direct relationship with the effectiveness
and efficiency of an organization. They
provide the required skills and leadership to move the organization to greater
height. In carrying out this study, Primary sources of data were collected
through questionnaires, while the secondary data includes; text books,
journals, etc. Having analyzed the data,
the following findings were made; that manager’s function contributes immensely
to the attainment of objectives in the organization that the leadership styles
adopted by the managers depend on the prevailing situations and the behaviour
of the employees. Some of the management problems militating against the
operation of the organization are; incompetence and lack of managerial know
how. Essentially the study recommends as follows; that manager should be made
aware of the importance of their managerial functions and it must be carried
out meticulously. Autocratic leadership style should be removed from the
organization rather; democratic leadership style should be adopted.
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
There is no
doubt whatsoever that in the contemporary business world, that what makes
organizations effective is not only the financial capacity of such organization
but the caliber of human elements operating in them. That is why some
organizations find it difficult to maintain their status while others continue
to forge ahead.
Moreover, it is observed that some
organization after being established, simply close down within a matter of
time, while their contemporaries not only expand but also continue to operate
successfully. The secret behind the discrepancies in the operational ability of
organization depend to a large extent on their managers and the role or
activities which they perform in them. Most corporate organization all over the
world today not only enjoy optimum productivity but also maintain incredible
competitive ability that makes them out maneuver their contemporaries due to
the efficiency of their managers in business. The manager’s actions shape the
destiny of their organization.
However, one
may be tempted at this junction to ask who are those managers, and what
function or role do they play in these corporate organization?
Our
discussion of managerial roles may seem to suggest that a manager’s job is
highly orchestrated and that management is a logical, orderly process in which managers
rationally calculate the best way to use resources to achieve organizational
goals. In reality, being a manager often involves acting emotionally and
relying on gut. An immediate reaction is an important aspect of managerial
action. Managers are often overloaded with a responsibility, which leaves them
with little or no time to analyze every nuance of a situation, and therefore
make decision in uncertain conditions without being sure which outcome will be
the best.
The range of
problems that managers face is enormous (high variety), in which they must deal
with it simultaneously. They must make snap decisions (brevity) and many times,
must rely on experience gained throughout their careers to do their jobs to the
best of their abilities. Managers and their subordinates learn both from their
successes and from their failures.
According to
(Cole ,2003), Opined that management is not an activity that exist on its own
right, but rather, it is a description of variety of activities carried out by
those members of organization whose role is that of a manager, that is someone
who has formal responsibility for the work of at least one other person in the
organization. He also explained that the activities carried out by those
managers have generally been grouped in terms of planning, organizing,
motivating and controlling activities. They describe manager’s jobs primarily
in terms of their inputs.
Contributing
more on the activities of managers in organization, (Donnelly, 2006) explains
that in planning, managers determine activities, create the position and
allocate responsibilities for the achievement of plans. In motivating, managers
endure meeting the social and psychological needs of employees in the
fulfillment of organizational goals. In controlling, managers monitor and
evaluate activities and provide correcting mechanism.
Years ago, managers were thought of as people
who were “the boss”, while that might still be true today, many managers view
themselves as leaders than as people who tell subordinates what to do. The role
of a manager is comprehensive and often very complex. Not everyone wants to be
a manager, nor should everyone consider been a manager. “Managers are
individuals who oversee the activities of others and provide leadership”. He
added that all managers have a role as a leader, and this role includes
creating, maintaining a purposive organization, motivating and disciplining
employees. However, this is just an aspect of the roles which managers play in
organization.
Consequently,
it would not be out of place or an overstatement to assert that the pivot on
which the progress of corporate organizations resolve is in the caliber of
managers. But the question then is, how far and to what extent do these
managers perform their roles, and what major factor impede their efforts in
this direction?
It is in
response to this question that necessitated this study on the role of managers
in corporate organization with special reference to Nigerian Breweries (NB
Plc).
1.2 Statement of the Problems
The fact
that some organization perform optimally and others perform very poorly, gives
credence to the testimony that there are certain variables or factors which
makes organization different from one another. These differences are not only
observable in the organizational structure or the environments in which these
organizations operates but on the skill of the executives or managers to see to
the day-to-day administration of these organization. Studies have shown that
while some managers performs their managerial roles and functions with
commitment and dexterity, others exhibit unusual degree of indifference in
their administrative posture and such situation have often times spelt doom for
their organizations.
Consequently,
the discrepancy in the performance of corporate organizations especially those
in the same economic environment points, to clincher that the role which their
managers play and the function they perform, accounts to a large extent on
success or failure of the organizations.
Against the
above backdrop, studies have also shown that while some organization enjoy
efficiency from their workforce, wider market share, optimal productivity and
maximal profits, others not only experience the reverse in their organization
but have often times find it difficult to break-even. And in the worst of such
situations, some of these organizations have met their waterloo and
consequently gone out of business.
The fact
that some organization perform optimally while others perform abysmally, helps
to identify a problem that the role of managers are indispensable factors in
the success of corporate organization. However, the questions are;
i. To what extent do these
managers perform their roles?
ii. What constitute impediment to
the successful performance of these roles?
It is as a
result of the above analogy and in response to the question that informed this
study on the role of managers in corporate organization with special reference
to Nigerian Breweries (NB Plc).
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general
objective of this study aims to investigate the role of managers in effective
and efficient management of an organization through the aid of Nigeria
Breweries Plc, Ibadan.
Among
others, the specific objectives of this study are as follows:
i. Examining the roles of managers in
an organization.
ii. Identifying the major management
functions which managers in an organization perform to increase productivity.
iii. Examining how the
leadership/management style of managers affects the productivity and
performance of their workers in the corporate organization under study.
iv. Identifying the management problems
which militate against the smooth operations of corporate organization.
1.4 Research Questions
For the
purpose of achieving the objectives of this study, the following questions will
be addressed:
i. Do managers have roles to play in
the organization?
ii. Does the function of managers in
corporate organization have positive impact on the attainment of objectives by
workers in the organization?
iii. Does the leadership style/management style of
managers affect the productivity and performance of the workers in the
corporate organization understudy?
iv. What are the management problems
militate against the smooth operation of the corporate organization under
study?
1.5 Hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1
Ho: There is no significant relationship
between managers and the roles managers play in the organization
Hi: There will be a significant relationship
between managers and the roles managers play in the organization
Hypothesis 2
Ho: There will be no significant relationship
between the function of managers in corporate organization and it’s Impact on
the attainment of objectives by workers in the organization
Hi: There will be a significant relationship
between the function of managers in corporate organization and it positive
Impact on the attainment of objectives by workers in the organization
1.6 Significance of the Study
The role of
managers in the efficient and effective operation of corporate organization
cannot be under estimated. This is because managers constitute the platform on
which the success or failure of organization is drawn. This study is therefore
significant because most managers would benefit (mostly inexperienced
managers), since the research had unveiled the major roles which managers are
expected to perform in organization to enhance the smooth and effective
operation of organization.
This study
is also very significant because organization would benefit immensely since the
study had highlighted the management function, which most corporate
organization managers had hitherto not been performing. Consequently, their
(i.e. the managers) contact with this study would enable them to look inward
and appreciate the relevance of such management function for the successful
performance of their organization.
The study is
also of immense benefit to other organizations (other than corporate
organizations) since the findings and recommendations would enable them find
solution to their problems especially as it affects low productivity and
efficiency among the employees.
Above all,
this study is very significant to students and other researchers as they would
benefit from the research work. This is because the study would serve as a kind
of spring board for fellow student researchers who would have interest in the
subject matter in future.
1.7 Limitation of the Study
Study of
this nature cannot be successfully completed without the researcher
experiencing some constraints or limitation. In view of this, one of the major
limitations experienced by the researcher during the course of this study was
time constraint. It was not easy for the researcher to conduct an exhaustive
survey of the activities of the manager in the corporate organization selected
for this study and also do justice to other academic engagements within the
time stipulated. For example attending regular classes and doing assignment
e.t.c.
Another
major limitation to this research was inadequate finance. A study of this
nature require enough funds to enable the researcher make constant visit to the
corporate organization chosen for the study in order to collect relevant
information on the subject matter under study. But the problem of inadequate
finance nearly marred the efforts of the researcher in this direction.
Another
major limitation of this study was the difficulty encountered by the researcher
during the administration and collection of questionnaire from the respondents.
Some of the respondents proved very uncooperative and explained to the
researcher that supplying any information to an outsider could mar the cordial
relationship existing between them and the management in spite of the fact that
the researcher made it explicit to them that the study was for academic purpose
only.
1.8 Scope of the Study
As cited in
(Osuala, 2000) an adequate statement of the problems also defines it very
carefully in terms of its scope, as it is obvious for a researcher to set forth
the bounds of the topics being researched on. To this end therefore, the scope
of this study covered the role of managers in corporate organization and the
organization selected for this study is Nigerian Breweries (NB Plc).
1.9 Sources of the Materials
The sources
of chapter one was gotten from extensive use of University of Lagos Library
where a few things were jotted from textbooks and a pilot study was carried out
in the NB Plc Ibadan where the researcher carried out a field survey on the
subject matter with the aid of a few questions from the staffs on the various
problems they encounter on daily basis in regardless of the role their managers
play whether or not there is impact on their management. Points were jotted
down and were used to formulate statement of the problems of this study.
While
literature for this study which comprised of the chapter two includes
information(s) gotten from journals, unpublished articles, relevant text books,
psychology, management and other related materials like project works. The
researcher also makes extensive use of the internet where it is mentioned that
the literature work are both from foreign and local books. After completion of
this study it should not be surprising to readers that most of the information
on “The role of Managers in Effective and Efficient Management of an
Organization (a case study of NB PLC)” were got from foreign articles and
literatures.
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