EFFECT OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON PRIMARY SIX PUPILS’ NUMERICAL APTITUDE AND RETENTION IN MATHEMATICS
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EFFECT OF
ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATIONAL INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACH ON PRIMARY SIX PUPILS’
NUMERICAL APTITUDE AND RETENTION IN MATHEMATICS
ABSTRACT
This study
sought to investigate the effect of achievement motivational instructional
approach on primary six pupils’ numerical aptitude and retention in mathematic.
Eight research questions and ten research hypotheses guided the study. The
design of the study was quasi experimental pretest posttest equivalent control
group design. The study was carried out in Calabar municipality Local
Government Area of Cross River State in the present south-south zone of
Nigeria. The population of the study was 2400 primary six pupils’ from the 24
public primary schools in Calabar municipality education zone of Cross River
State. Two out of the 24 schools were randomly selected for the study. The
sample size for this study was 241. 125 pupils were assigned the experimental
group and 116 pupils constituted the control group for the experimental group
70 of the pupils were males and 55 pupils were females. The instruments used
for data collection were Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) and Numerical
Aptitude Test (NAT).The MAT was developed by the researcher and the NAT was a
standardized test from the state ministry of education. The MAT was subjected
to both face and content validation. MAT and NAT were trial tested on 30 pupils
and the data generated was used to determine the reliability coefficient of MAT
to be 0.86 and of NAT to be 0.83 using Richardson (20) K – R20 formula. MAT and
NAT was administered on the groups before treatment started while post-MAT and
NAT was administered at the end of the 3 weeks treatment period. After 2 weeks
of administration of post-test, the items of both MAT and NAT were reshuffled
and again administered on the group as a retention test. Scores from the
pretest of MAT and NAT, posttest of MAT and NAT and the retention test were
analysed using means, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Some of the major findings from the analysis were (i) Achievement motivational
instructional approach was found to be capable of enhancing pupils’
achievement, numerical aptitude and retention in Mathematics than the
traditional approach. (ii) Achievement motivational instructional approach does
not result in differences in achievement, numerical aptitude scores between
male and female pupils. (iii) The use of achievement motivational instructional
approach improved retention of male and female pupils. Based on the findings,
the implication were highlighted and recommendation were made towards better
achievements, numerical aptitude and retention of primary six pupils’ in
mathematics.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
of Study
Mathematics
has been described by many researchers and authors of different times in
different ways. While some tried to show its elegant precision, beauty and
brevity, others tried to show its structure and the training it provides.
Ibrahim (2004) said that among the training mathematics provides includes the
ability to develop powers of logical thinking, accuracy with figures and
spatial awareness. The role of mathematics in the field of science and
technology is quite enormous and far-reaching and the usefulness of mathematics
in various fields of endeavors has been expatiated by some writers including
Usman (2002) and Agwagah (2004).
As a science
subject, mathematics deals with counting, measuring and describing shapes or
objects. Mathematics can be regarded as a tool for basic science namely
physics, chemistry, biology, and even social sciences, for example geography,
economics, banking and finance. The role of mathematics is very important in
everyday life that its position is felt in all aspects of life. For instance,
for the purpose of economic survival, every citizen needs to be able to compare
and estimate commodities and cost of prices. The citizens requires some degree
of competence in mathematical computations for the purpose of carrying out routine
daily businesses and for thinking effectively.
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