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EFFECT OF
ASSERTIVENESS AND EMOTIONAL SELF AWARENESS ON STUDENTS ACHIEVEMENT IN
ACCOUNTING
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
to the Study
One of the
important components to live in the community is the ability to manage the
emotions. Emotional Quotation (EQ) includes the ability to express feelings,
awareness and understanding of emotions and the ability to regulate and control
it. Salovey and Mayer in Awangga (2008), defined Emotional Intelligence
(assertiveness and emotional awareness) or EQ as the ability to know own
feelings and the feelings of others, and use those feelings, requires thought
and behavior. Education is an invaluable asset because it is the basis for the
individual and society. A factor that can support the success of senior
secondary school education accounting is emotional intelligence (assertiveness
and self awareness).
Accounting
knowledge is instrumental to hold and run the company's operations because the
accounting provides financial information to support the decision making
process. The role and function of accounting in the world of education is to
provide quantitative information, especially about finance, that is useful in
making economic decisions for entities. It can be imagined when an accountant
in a company does not have the integrity and high emotional intelligence. The
operational activities of the company will not be able to run smoothly and the
company will not be able to develop because the accountant may not be able to
present the correct company's financial statements. Based on the above
descriptions, it can be concluded that emotional intelligence has an important
role for accounting students career and the career of an accountant.
Nevertheless, formal education in Nigeria, Ondo State in particular ranging
from elementary schools, junior high schools, and high school, still has not
taught the emotional intelligence that may result in students good attitudes
such as integrity, commitment, as well as visionary that needed by the young
generation.
Formal
education is still seeing a student from learning outcomes or scores gained on
learning process in class as evidenced by the ranking in school, and their IQ
scores. It can be concluded that the formal education assess students is clever
based on the numerical facts. It is regardless of how they control themselves,
self-knowledge, motivation, empathetic attitude toward others, and social
skills to interact with others. Sundem (1993) in Rachmi (2010) worried about
the lack of clarity on the accounting industry generated by secondary school
accounting system; this is because many secondary schools are not able to make
their students good in the knowledge and life skills. Students are familiar
with the memorization learning but they do not understand the lesson. This make
the students tend to easily forget what they've learned or difficult to
understand what will be taught next. Daniel Goleman in Martin (2003) mentioned
that intellectual intelligence contributed only 20 percent to the success of
someone's life. The rest, 80 percent relies on the emotional intelligence.
However, it
cannot be said that the value in the form number is not more important than
emotional intelligence. This value is used to measure the extent to which a
student is disciplined and conscientious in following formal learning. Because,
formal education is also important to provides a broader knowledge for students
in accordance with their field. A student should not only gain knowledge
through formal education. If student seeks knowledge outside the classroom,
then they will occupy one level above the student who only seek knowledge in
the classroom. McClelland (1973) in Agustian (2001) stated that a set of
specific skills such as empathy, self-discipline, and initiative may determine
those who are successful in jobs. Academic achievements may predicate not be
the only indicator of a person's performance on the job or the success can be
achieved. There are many examples that show the academic success resulting in
the success at work. Often, a low formal education achievers are more
successful at work because they have high emotional intelligence.
Based on
components of emotional intelligence, Yuniani (2010) conducted a study to
determine which of the components of emotional intelligence that affects to the
level of understanding in accounting. The results showed that self-awareness,
self-regulation and motivation affect the level of understanding of accounting
students. While, empathy and social skills are not affect to the level on
understanding of accounting. However, there are some studies that show
emotional intelligence cannot predict academic achievement. This is evidenced
by a study conducted by Dewanto and Nurhayati (2012) which shows that emotional
intelligence and spiritual intelligence do not affect the attitude of ethical
and accounting student achievement. Ardana (2013) also showed that only the
Intellectual Intelligence can significantly predict accounting students'
academic performance.
While, the
other independent variables such as emotional intelligence, spiritual
intelligence, and physical intelligence failed to predict the Academic
Achievement of accounting students. Thus, a study conducted by Barchard (2003)
explained that Emotional Intelligence is not a primary factor that determines
academic success. Emotional Intelligence is associated with academic success,
but its role is not greater than verbal skills. Cognitive ability and
personality characteristics take more important role in predicting academic
success. Although each of these researchers have different dependent variable,
but the elements is academic dimension that can reflect achievements as it will
also be examined in this research work. But, despite having some similarities
with the study plan, this research chooses achievement based on grade point
average, of accounting students.
This
research work develops the study of Prasetyo (2013), who explored whether there
is a relationship between emotional intelligence and the achievement of an
accounting student from selected secondary schools in Iwaro Oka community in
Oka Akoko Ondo State. The motivation of the research work is to deeply examine
the components of emotional intelligence that will affect significantly on
academic results on accounting students, and to determine whether there are
differences in the results of studies that have been conducted previously and
this recent research. This research uses different population and there are
additional variables from previous studies. In the previous study, independent
variables used are emotional intelligence and learning behavior, while this
research uses emotional intelligence as an independent variable that will be
categorized into five criteria based on Goleman (2005) covering Self-Awareness,
Self-Regulation, Motivation, Empathy, and Social skill.
Statement of
the Problem
Formal
education in Nigeria, Ondo State in particular ranging from elementary schools,
junior high schools, and high school, still has not taught the emotional
intelligence that may result in students good attitudes such as integrity,
commitment, as well as visionary that needed by the young generation. Formal
education is still seeing a student from learning outcomes or scores gained on
learning process in class as evidenced by the ranking in school, and their IQ
scores. It is regardless of how they control themselves, self-knowledge,
motivation, empathetic attitude toward others, and social skills to interact
with others. Lack of clarity on the accounting industry generated by secondary
school accounting system; this is because many secondary schools are not able
to make their students good in the knowledge and life skills. Students are
familiar with the memorization learning but they do not understand the lesson.
This make the students tend to easily forget what they've learned or difficult
to understand what will be taught next.
Aims and
Objectives of the Study
To analyze
the components of emotional intelligence.
To
investigate if the components of emotional intelligence (Self Awareness, self
regulation, motivation, social skills and empathy) have effect on students'
academic achievement.
To
investigate the importance of emotional intelligence on accounting students’
academic achievement.
Research
Questions
What are the
components of emotional intelligence?
What is the
relative influence of assertiveness and emotional self awareness on students'
academic achievement?
Benefit of
the Study
The purpose
of this research work is to determine whether self awareness among the
components of emotional intelligence which consists of five categories, such as:
(1).
Self-Awareness,
(2).
Self-Regulation,
(3).
Motivation,
(4).
Empathy, and
(5). Social
Skills that are effect on students' academic achievement on accounting.
The
motivation of the research work is to deeply examine the components of
emotional intelligence that will affect significantly on academic results on
accounting students. Emotional intelligence is very significant and important
for everyone, especially the students who are in the learning phase for their
future career. Thus, graduate students from secondary and even higher
institution should increase their emotional intelligence level. To achieve it,
it requires educators to actually implement these changes into their
educational programs. Business educators, in particular, have a responsibility
to provide graduated students with a strong foundation in both technical and
emotional training so they are later become a good person, an effective
managers and dynamic leaders. This research work, therefore, is also very
significant as it contribute to the existing body of knowledge related to the
effect of self assertiveness and self awareness (emotional intelligence) on the
performance of accounting students.
Scope of the
Study
This
research work is centralized on the effect of assertiveness and emotional self
awareness (emotional intelligence) on students achievement in accounting and
with sub topical issues that are related to the subject matter such as; conceptualization of emotional intelligence,
its importance and ways in which self awareness among other components of
emotional intelligence affect the achievement of accounting students among
other interesting and unavoidable topics.
Limitation
of the Study
This
research work has the potential to be very and highly extensive. However, some
limitations prevent that to happen. Limitation such as limited time frame,
insufficient funds and limited source of information such as; limited books,
internet source, internet link etc.
Definition
of Terms
Self
awareness: Is the ability to know our internal situation and it is very
important in the formation of a positive self-concept.
Emotional
Intelligence: Emotional intelligence as the ability to monitor and control own
feelings and use those feelings to guide thought and action.
Accounting
Student: Is someone studying scientific study of account.
Academic
Achievement: Is a result of the efforts that have been achieved by someone in
the field of scientific knowledge and theory.
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