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EFFECTS OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF GOVERNMENT IN SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The research
work examined the effects of instructional materials in teaching and learning
of Government in secondary schools in Osun State, making Osogbo Local
Government Area of the state a case study. From five schools, four Government
teachers and ten students were randomly picked from each school making a total
of twenty teachers and fifty students. The instrument used for collection of
data was the questionnaire. Two types of questionnaire were used; the students’
questionnaire and the teachers’ questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed
by the use of percentages, and frequency distribution tables were used to
determine the distribution of the respondents.
From the
analysis of the data, the use of instructional materials was seen as very
important in the schools as the students understand more and enjoy Government
lessons when they are taught with instructional materials. The responses of the
students during government lessons when instructional materials were used were
seen to be highly encouraging. This emphasized the use of instructional
materials by teachers.
The findings
showed that chalkboards, textbooks, maps, pictures, and real objects were the
most commonly used instructional materials in government lessons in the study
area. Considering the fact that instructional materials give information to the
students on particular topics and reduced the problems of teaching and learning
of Government in secondary schools in Osogbo Local government, the use of
instructional materials must be taken seriously.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Instructional
materials have become instruments without which teaching and learning processes
can not be done. Educationists of advanced countries saw its effective use in
the teaching and learning processes. The use was first in the kindergarten
whereby it facilitated teaching and learning. Therefore, instructional
materials have been in use from time immemorial. They help both the teacher and
the learners to impart knowledge and to understand concepts respectively.
The
instructional materials which enhance effective teaching and learning in
primary and secondary schools, and even in tertiary institutions now, it has
been introduced as a course of study in some of our higher institutions and
tagged as educational technology. Also, the use of instructional materials has
eaten deep into our educational fabrics that without its use, it will be
difficult to teach effectively. It is no gainsaying that it is the wheel on
which teaching and learning operate. This is why many schools have taken
interest in looking at various topics on instructional materials both in the
schools and other educational institutions, be it at the lower level or the
higher level.
Mass failure
of students in both primary and secondary schools has partly been traced to the
non use of instructional materials in primary or secondary schools. These
instructional materials include the use of textbooks, real objects, pictures
and film strips to mention a few. It has been observed that schools that are
called demonstration schools and model schools perform well in external
examination than those in the public schools because of lack of these
instructional materials.
This study
therefore sought to look at the effects of instructional materials in some
schools in Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State. The researcher will see
how teachers have been using instructional materials and how learners on their
own use these instructional materials to aid their learning. Also, the study
sought to look at the importance of instructional materials in teaching and
learning Government in the schools.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
The study is
intended to look at the use of instructional materials in some selected
secondary schools. It is also intended to look at the problems confronting the
teachers in the use of instructional materials in teaching Government. Also, it
will look into the effective use of instructional materials and to assess its
importance in the teaching and learning situation.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the study is to see and bring into limelight, the problems encountered in
acquisition of instructional materials. It is also to know how effective these
materials are and how much is gained from the use. Again, the study will enable
future researchers to continue from where this researcher has stopped and to
give new forms of modalities and improvement. Another purpose of this study is
to serve as information for other academic researchers.
1.4 LIMITATION TO THE STUDY
The scope of
the study will be to cover five selected secondary schools in Osogbo Local
Government. This research study could not cover the whole population of
students in Osogbo Local Government due to financial constraints and limited
time schedule for this project.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is
significant as the findings on effective use of instructional materials in
teaching government in secondary schools will be significant. The researcher
will provide useful guide towards effective use of instructional materials
which will encourage more and better use of instructional materials in teaching
of government in schools.
1.6 DEFINITION OF VARIABLES USED
Effects
This is the
result got from the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of
government as a subject in the secondary schools.
Instructional
Materials
Instructional
materials may be things or objects brought in to play to emphasize clearly or
visualize the instructions given in the class. Instructional materials act as
supplement to normal process of instruction. This makes teaching and learning
of Government easier in the secondary schools.
Teaching
This is the
art of imparting knowledge to students.
Learning
This is a
permanent change in behaviour that results from experience. It is also the act
of acquiring information taught to the students.
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