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GOVERNMENT
EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON SECONDARY EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
This
research work investigate government expenditure on education and its impact on
secondary education the aims of this research work seeks to examine major
trends of government expenditure on education and likewise to make policy
recommendations. In order to collect the data for the study, the researcher
made use of self designed questionnaire to elicit information from the
respondents. In analyzing the data, the researcher made use of simple
percentage statistical tools to analyzed the data and presented in tables for
easy comparison. The finding revealed that there is a fluctuation in the
government expenditure on secondary education in Nigeria. It also shows that
government policies affect Nigeria education and the policies have high impact
on secondary schools. It likewise shows that the policies affect teaching and
learning of student in secondary school. It also show that it affect the
effectiveness of teachers discharging his service, it is observed that the
government expenditure helps in improving educational standard in Nigeria and
also shows that government spending causes reduction in availability of
infrastructure in our secondary schools in Nigeria in carrying out the study,
the researcher made use of both primary and secondary data. Based on the
finding, the following recommendations were made: Government expenditure should
have adequate impact on all secondary education in Nigeria. Government at all
level should be encouraged to improve on their spending towards education
because of the end result and the economic implication if such is not done.
Government should try to improve infrastructural materials to secondary
education. Students should be encouraged to stand by themselves through all the
knowledge they have acquired from school.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the Study
Education in Nigeria is of a public
enterprise that has witnessed government complete and dynamic intervention and
active participation. It is the view of the National Policy on Education in
Nigeria was launched in 1977. the Orientation of the policy is geared towards
self realization of individual and national efficiency, national unity etc
aimed at achieving social cultural economic, political, scientific and
technological development in 1985, the objectives of the policy were broadened
to include free primary education among others.
As noted by Anyanwa (1999), this policy
has been reviewed from time to time unto 1984, the structure of Nigeria
education system was 6years of primary schools, 5-7years of post primary
schools (secondary Teacher training College and sixth form) and 4 - 6 years of
Tertiary Education (College of Education, Polytechnics, Colleges of Technology
and University education) from 1985, the structure of that emanated can be
classified thus, pre-primary or kindergarten education (2 - 3 yrs) for the
children of ages 3 - 5 years the primary school which is of 6 yrs period for
children of ages 6 - 11yrs, the post primary education which is of 6years
duration but divided into two halves (3years of Junior Secondary School and 3
years of Senior Secondary School and the 4 -6 years of tertiary education
level. This is called the 6-3-3-4 system since the inception of the Obasanjo
led administration in 1999, was Universal Basic Education Scheme was launched
in 1999 the specific target of the scheme are total eradication of illiteracy
by the year 2010 and increased in adult literacy rate from 57% - 70% by 2003.
In Nigeria, there is a sequence of higher educational level. Three possible
channels are illustrated. The first channel assumes that a graduate went
through NCE and then to the University. The other two channels are the more
common ones, that is those who went straight from secondary school to
University and those who went through Polytechnics to University. This
assumption is predicated on experiences from the labour market and the years of
schooling involved in each higher education level which place a higher value on
University, Polytechnic and NCE in that other. It is obvious from Nigeria
Industry of Education that period (1950 - 1975) brought western education to
limelight, increased access of Nigerian to formal education through effort of
the regional government and voluntary agencies. The Nigerian Educational
statistics had it that in 1947, the number of pupils in primary school was
626,000 while in 1960, it rose to 2912619 in the same vein, the number of
post-primary schools in 1955 was 1616 but 912 in 1960 with the population
rising from 9908 in 1947 to 140, 401 in 1960 (Imahe, 2001), the two main reason
adduced to the increases were the government continued grant in aids to
voluntary agencies and direct establishment of government and local government
schools. Community post primary schools and private post primary schools. One
of the major studies in Nigerian education policy thrust was the public take
over of grant in aids schools in states and launching of Universal Primary
Education (UPE) in 1976.The programme was not sustained due to frequent change
in socio-economic and political condition in the nation. However, the recent
civilian government is trying to revive the policy of Universal Education of
1976, under the Universal Basic Education (UBE) Scheme. Like other national
policies on education, UBE has resulted to increased enrolment but the
commitment of government could not sustain the policy drive because of the
reintroduction of school fees.
1.2. Statement of the Problem
The Federal Ministry of Education
(2003) agreed that 1978 - 2005, period was an ill period for Nigeria education
system because of instability and financial inadequacies due largely to general
economic downturn of the 1980s. The crisis led to stoppage in the expansion of
primary school regular occurrences of unpaid teachers salaries the degeneration
of educational facilities and infrastructure of all levels and the attendant
common place strikes across all tiers of Nigeria education system.
According to CBN (2000), poor financial
investment has been the bane of Nigerian education system to the extent to
which the budgeting expenditure has been very low compared to others.
Furthermore, the Federal government expenditure on education has declined
steady since 2005 and is much lower than the average in the last 29years in
Nigeria. This is particularly important in view of huge increase in number of
intake at all level of education primary secondary and tertiary. This led to
the falling on secondary education in Nigeria between 1980 and 2005.
1.3. Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to
examine government expenditure on education and its impact on secondary school
education in Nigeria. While the specific
objectives are:
1. To examine the trends of government
expenditure on education.
2. To examine the impact of government
expenditure on secondary schools education.
3. To investigate the problems of
funding
4. To make policy recommendation
1.4. Research Hypothesis
1. Is there any significant
relationship between government expenditure on education and its impact on
secondary education in Nigeria between 1980 and 2005?
2. Does government policy affect
secondary education n Nigeria between 1980 and 2005?
3. Does the deficiency of government
expenditure on education in Nigeria lead to unemployment?
1.5. Significance of the Study
This research work may be useful in the
following areas: it will reveal the government expenditure on secondary
education in Nigeria. It will also help to improve the knowledge of Nigeria
citizen on the effect of government expenditure on secondary education in
Nigeria between 1980 and 2005, more so it will expose the problem surrounding
government expenditure in Nigeria and also using the result of this project
will help government on education planners when planning secondary education.
1.6. Scope of the Study
This study
examines the level of government expenditure to education in Nigeria as it
affects secondary education in Nigeria between 1980 and 2007.
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