PERCIEVED PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF PLAY THERAPY ON PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL WELL BEING OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
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PERCIEVED
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT OF PLAY THERAPY ON PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL WELL BEING OF
PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
All
preschool children have a right to play.
Play is a process by which children learn both educationally and
socially. Good quality play
opportunities have a significant impact on child psychological and social
development. (Moore, Goltsman, &
Iacofano, 1992)
Play
involves the whole child. Thinking, creative expression of thoughts and
feelings, and physical demands all interact in the dynamic process of play.
Children learn about relationships with peers, significant adults, and the
world around them through play activities. They experience the full range of
their senses and feelings, how their bodies move through space, and how their
imaginations can create alternate worlds of existence. When children build with
blocks or sand, romp through the modules of a playground superstructure, learn
limits and bond through rough and tumble play, or express themselves and
represent the world through hundreds of different materials, they reap the
benefits of play in thousands of different ways. They are constantly learning and developing,
becoming healthy, well-balanced individuals through play.
"Play
is fun!" is how children usually respond when interviewed about play. But
play is more than just fun. Play is engaging, voluntary and spontaneous. Play
is a way for children to learn more about whom they are and what they can do.
Play is a way for children to test limits, engage in fantasy, and learn about
others. Researchers and scientists disagree as to why play is so important for
children, but they all agree that play occurs the world over, and that children
benefit in many ways from free play.
Play in the
Nigeria over the last decade has gone from being almost exclusively an outdoor
activity to one that is often situated indoors in front of televisions and
computers. Schools, especially preschool so often concerned with academic
development, have sacrificed outdoor play, and administrators may not be aware
of the dire consequences for children. Outdoor play is very different than
indoor play, and the unique skills developed during outdoor play cannot be
developed completely through indoor play alone.
The benefits
of outdoor play accrue in many ways. Obvious examples are improved
cardiovascular and gross motor benefits. Less obvious is the role of outdoor
play in children's cognitive, emotional, and social development. Physical
activity promotes increased blood flow to the brain, leading to cognitive
development (Shepard, 1997). In addition to this, children are able to engage
in risk taking behaviors outdoors that would be impossible indoors, challenging
themselves in ways which lead to improved self-esteem and self-confidence
(Ellis, 1973). Children can engage in rough play and chase games, which are
important not only for their physical development, but also for their social
development. Through social play, they
learn the signals needed for successful play with others, as well as the rules
for starting and stopping play (Bateson, 1972; Pellegrini, 1995). Such reasons
demand that outdoor play remain an integral part of children's schooling in
order to promote physically and psychologically healthy children, who then have
a much better chance to become healthy adults.
STATEMENT OF
THE GENERAL PROBLEM
The poor
academic performance of preschool children during their early school years has
been a cause for serious concern as it has regrettably led to the constant
depreciation of educational standard in Nigeria. The physical and,
psychological and social wellbeing of school children has to be put into
serious consideration in improving their academic performance and achievement,
this has unfortunately not been the case in our education system as little or
no emphasis is placed on the aforementioned factors in our educational system.
AIMS AND
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major
aim of the study is to examine the perceived psychological effect of play
therapy on physical and social wellbeing of preschool children. Other specific
objectives of the study include;
To examine
the need for play therapy in preschools in Nigeria.
To determine
the general importance of play therapy in Nigerian educational system.
To examine
the level of implementation of play therapy in Nigerian pre-schools.
To recommend
ways of improving the implementation of play therapy in Nigerian pre-schools.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
What is the
psychological effect of play therapy on physical and social wellbeing of
preschool children?
What is the
need for play therapy in preschools in Nigeria?
What is the
general importance of play therapy in Nigerian educational system?
What is the
level of implementation of play therapy in Nigerian pre-schools?
What are the
ways of improving the implementation of play therapy in Nigerian pre-schools?
RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
H0: Play
therapy does not have a psychological effect on physical and social wellbeing
of preschool children.
H1: Play
therapy has a psychological effect on physical and social wellbeing of
preschool children.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study
would be of immense importance to the development of the childhood education.
The study would also be of immense importance to the management of preschools
in Nigeria. The study would benefit students, researchers and scholars who are
interested in developing a further study on the subject matter.
SCOPE AND
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is
restricted to the perceived psychological effect of play therapy on physical
and social wellbeing of preschool children in Nigeria.
LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
Financial
constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher
in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the
process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview)
Time
constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other
academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the
research work.
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