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PRIVATE
OWNERSHIP AND EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT: ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
ABSTRACT
Lagos is
documented as a centre of spontaneous development of private schooling
targeting families from the ultra-rich, to the relatively poor. There is much
debate in the literature on the potential of private secondary education as
part of a solution for achieving Education for All, in terms of equity in
access to these schools, and also their quality and other aspects. This
research work examined Private ownership and educational management: issues and
challenges with special reference to Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos
State. In doing this, the research discussed the structure of ownership of
schools (Public and Private) in Nigeria and examined the reasons that could
have brought private practitioners on board of the educational ladder of the
country. The research further examined the common features that characterize
Nigerian public schools such as low carrying capacity, dearth of
infrastructures among others.
The research
adopted descriptive research design method and simple random sampling technique
was used in the selection of samples. Fifty (50) samples were drawn from twelve
thousand and ninety-eight (12,098) private schools in Lagos. Data were garnered
with the use of questionnaire and interviews administered to the schools and
Ministry of Education, Lagos state, also to Education District 1 which covers
Alimosho Local Government. Data gathered were presented on tables and analysed
with the use of percentage, graph and charts.
As
commendable as the efforts of private secondary schools in Lagos are in
promoting learning, some challenges such as funding, unqualified teachers as
well as aiding and abetting examination fraud were identified and discussed.
Recommendations
as to funding and managing private secondary schools to standard were
proffered.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
The
Management and administration of the Nigeria Educational system is by law
vested concurrently in the hands of the Federal, State and Local Government.
Whereas the Federal and State Governments carry out their responsibility and
duties on education through the respective ministries of Education which
according to Ajayi and Oni (1992) essentially render administrative and
professional services, the Local Government administers elementary education
under its jurisdiction through Local Governments Education Authority. The
contribution of the three tiers of governments is equally complemented by the efforts
of the private entrepreneurs and professional associations such as the Parents
Teachers Association (PTA), Nigerian Union of Teachers (NUT) and corporate
agencies, among others. In addition, there have been commendable efforts of
philanthropists and community members who are committed to reviving education
service delivery in Nigeria.
The great
public benefits of education have historically prompted governments to assume
the primary role in managing and funding schools. Recently, a growing interest
in improving school quality and student outcomes, and a quest for greater
school choice for parents and students, and for more creativity and innovation
in the schools, themselves, have challenged the notion of government’s primacy
in education ((Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)),
2006; Brewer and Hentschke, 2009). This trend, emerging in a number of
countries, is based on the belief that the public interest in education can be
better served by also involving private entities, including parents,
non-governmental organisations and enterprises, in addition to government
agencies, in managing and funding schools.
Advocates of
private schools argue that private involvement in school management leads to
more efficiency and responsiveness to parents’ demands. Principals in these
schools have more autonomy to manage than public school principals do, although
the extent of school autonomy varies across countries. Privately managed
schools may have the authority to hire and compensate teachers and staff, and
thus can select better-prepared teachers and introduce incentives for
performance. Privately managed schools may also have more discretion on
curricula and instructional methods, and so can adapt them to the interests and
abilities of their students. In addition, privately managed school shave
greater incentives to reduce costs and may be subject to more flexible
regulations. The need to attract students means that privately managed schools
must be more sensitive to parents’ demands concerning curricula, teaching
methods, facilities and discipline, and more responsive to students’ needs.
Advocates
also argue that the existence of private schools creates a useful competition
that can improve the productive efficiency of public schools, as well, and
benefit the entire system. The families, non-profit organisations or enterprises
that fund private schools are more likely to demand better student outcomes and
hold the school accountable. Parents of children in public schools – and staff
in these schools – may then begin comparing the quality of education available
in other schools and start demanding higher standards too. Advocates also point
out that more funding from families and private institutions would ease
governments’ obligation to invest in education.
This
research project tends to examine the Issues and Challenges of Private
Ownership and educational management with special reference to Lagos State.
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
Over the
years, public schools in Nigeria have not been given concern, this is ascribed
to the population increase or the inability of government to provide more
schools and facilities to meet its population needs or due to high level of
corruption in the country. This neglect in the educational system, has left
Nigeria with poor quality public education, weak management of education,
inadequate implementation of policies, and poor tracking and monitoring of
education budgets.
The failure
of public schools to provide basic opportunities for learning, low teaching
standards and inadequate training for teachers has provide a window for private
entrepreneurship at all levels of education. While tertiary education is
largely owned by government, private ownership is almost taking over the
primary education.
Ownerships
has seen themselves as a partner in the provision of quality education to the
teeming population of Lagos State, which cannot be undertaken alone by the
state. Thus, private individuals and groups establish their own schools, albeit
on competitive basis and manage them within the framework of the National
Policy on Education (NPE). Private schools charge their own fees, formulate
their own admission policy, recruit their own teachers and of course have their
own career guidelines.
Thus, the
satisfaction derived by the rich and poor in terms of quality education in the
state constitute a problem between the public and private schools on quality
control albeit, on ensuring quality inputs and quality output.
The issue of
excellence and quality assurance in education should be of primary concern to
any Society, governments and parents alike. Private schools and education are
almost entirely exclusive; those who pursue education in these institutions
must pay for the services they enjoy. Considering the fact that public schools
do not enjoy a lot of public confidence at the moment, owing to decaying infrastructure
and years of neglect, it seems parents are favouring privately run schools as
viable alternative to the crumbling public school structure.
At the same
time, there are some major challenges associated with a move to private
schools. Some private schools need to be so profit oriented that they will be
tempted to cut corners and deprive students of extra-curricular activities,
services and enrichment
In view of
the above, the study is aimed at proffering lasting solutions to those
identified problems. The study further tends to find out the problems
encountered by both the government and the private entrepreneurs in the
delivery of secondary education in Lagos State.
PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
The aim of
this research study is to examine the issues and challenges of private
ownership and educational management in Lagos State. The objectives includes:
i. To identify management
issues facing private owners in developing and improving the school.
ii. To investigate if fees paid
in private schools is commensurate to the performance of students
iii. To examine whether private
schools in Lagos are of standard as required by the guideline of the state
ministry of education.
iv. To investigate and compare the
performance of private secondary school students in WAEC and NECO 2012 – 2014.
v. To identify the percentage of
enrolment in private secondary schools as compared with that of public
secondary schools in Lagos State
vi. To examine the role of
Education Districts and Ministry of Education in quality assurance of private
secondary schools
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
Research
questions are those interrogative statements that arise often from the course
of study or alternatively they can be defined as research objectives stated in
interrogative form. Research questions are meant to generate possible answers
to different aspects of the research problem and they should be clearly stated
such that they act as guides in identification, collection and analysis of
relevant data. In order to achieve the purpose of this research study, the
study will attempt to provide answers to the following research questions in
order to arrive at a logical conclusion
i. What are the management
issues facing private owners in developing and improving the school?
ii. Are the fees paid in private
schools commensurate to the performance of students?
iii. Do private schools in Lagos
meet the standard as required by the guideline of the state Ministry of
Education?
iv. What are the performance of
private secondary school students in WAEC and NECO 2012 – 2014?
v. What are enrolment figures in
the management of private secondary schools as compared with that of public
secondary schools in Lagos State?
vi. What are the role of Education
Districts and Ministry of Education in
quality assurance of private secondary schools?
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE RESEARCH
The
significance of the research project is to provide both theoretical and
practical lasting solution to issues and encountered by private owners of
secondary schools in Lagos State. Hence, the research will provide relevant
information for individuals who want to invest in secondary education in Lagos
State.
Additionally,
it could be used by private schools owners to provide some of the likely
solutions to the challenges that could affect the efficiency and effectiveness
of their investment.
The study will
also be of benefits to the state government and most especially, the state
Ministry of Education (MOE) in identifying the various issues challenges faced
by private secondary school owners with relevant solutions
SCOPE OF
STUDY
The premise
on which this study is based is, issues and challenges faced by private
ownership and educational management in Lagos State. The study covers the
history of Private ownership in educational administration in Nigeria, issues
and challenges of private secondary schools administration and solutions to
address the respective issues.
The
population scope covers all secondary school administrators of private schools
in Lagos State, Nigeria.
The
instruments the research adopts are interviews and a well designed questionnaire.
It leaned towards close ended but opportunity was provided for respondents to
express personal opinions or comments on what they felt concerning some
question.
The questionnaire was administered to
proprietors and proprietress of fifty (50) selected private secondary schools
in Lagos. To gather more facts interviews were granted to respective private
secondary schools.
To justify
the private school standards, interviews were granted to Education District and
Ministry of Education to identify if private secondary schools met requirements
as provided by the government bodies.
Statistically,
data garnered were presented and analysed using descriptive statistics such as
tables with percentage distribution, bar chart and pie charts.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Words that
are frequently used in this research work are short listed here and briefly
discussed to enable the reader get equipped with their meaning. Some which are:
FUND: This
is an amount set aside for the purpose, which is some special. It is a financial
resource, a stock, a supply provided with money.
PRIVATE
SCHOOLS: These are schools own, control, directed and operated solely by
individual with exception of government hands.
MOTIVATION:
It means to cause or make a person to wish to work or act in a certain way.
EXAMINE: To
look into and consider carefully the identified issues and challenges in
private secondary schools of Lagos state.
PROPRIETORS:
The owners of the private secondary school owners in Lagos State.
Infrastructure:
The basic structural part of something, e.g roads, sewage bridges, etc regarded
as facilities
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