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PROBLEMS OF
TEACHING HEALTH EDUCATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Most people
say that health is wealth; this means that, to be healthy
means to be
rich. However, it may sound mysterious how health is wealth.
This can be
seen in such a way that, many rich people spend huge amount of
money to
acquire health but end up in permanent sickness, then, it can be
understand
that, a person who is not rich will also be healthy.
There exist
numerous problems which are fighting against the
effective
teaching of health education in schools and colleges of education.
The question
here is, "what is health?"
The world
health organization defines health as a state of complete
physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
or
infirmity. This means that, unless an individual posses these attributes
(physical,
mental and social) he/she is not healthy.
Also,
Williams defines health as the quality oflife that renders the individual
fit to live
most and to serve best.
Meanwhile,
this first chapter of the research work deals with the
introduction,
background of the study, statement of the research problem,
research
questions, purpose of the study, significance of the study,
delimitation/scope
and definition of terms.
1.1
Background of the study.
Ukum local
government area was curved out of Katsina-Ala local
government
on the 1st October 1991 under the regime of General Ibrahim
Banbangida
(Rtd). The local government head quarter is Sankara, situated in
the north-east
of Benue state.
Ukum local
government swhares boundaries with Wukari in Taraba state in
the east, in
the south-east and south-west by Katsina-Ala and Logo local
government
areas respectively. It has a population of 183,422 people (1991
census) and
a land mass of 429.10 km2. The inabitants of the local
government
predominantly are Tiv farmers. Others include; Rausa, Tho,
Idoma, Udam
who are mainly traders.
Ukum local
government area is made up of thirteen council wards namely;
1.
Kendev
11.
Kundav
111.
Uyam
IV.
Mbatiam
v.
Borikyo
2
VI. Ugbaam
Vll.
Mbayenge
Vlll. Mbazum
IX. Azendeshi
X. Tyuluv
Xl. Tsaa
XlI. Lumbuu
XlII.
Atereyange
The local
government area has about 155 secondary schools. The main occupation of the
people living in the local government is farming, though, some people depend on
trading but such people are mostly visitors as mentaioned earlier.
The main
food crops produced are: yam, rice, cassava, groundnut, beniseeds, pepper,
tomatoes, guinea com, beans and so on. Some of the mentioned food items are
sold out for money even though they can be consumed as food and others are
mainly for food.
3
1.2
Statement of the research problem
The problems
of teaching health education in Secondary schools in Ukum local government area
of Benue state is a point of concern, the researcher therefore tries to review
and identify various problems that are responsible for this.
This research
work is designed purposely to know whether there are enough health facilities
or not, quality teaching staff or not, enough time allotted or not, and others.
The
researcher ought to identify some of the problems that a working tirelessly
against the effective teaching of health education as a field of discipline in
Secondary school in particular and makes possible suggestions to the solution
of such problems.
1.3 Research
questions.
In carrying
out this research work, the following questions are set ot guide this study.
1.
Are there health education specialists in your school?
11.
Do you offer health education in your school?
4
111. Do you have health master in you school?
IV. Does you school have a library?
v.
Is there
enough health education textbook in your school) library?
VI. Do you have teaching aids in your school
in health education?
VII. Are
there enough facilities and equipment of health education In
your school?
.. -,
Viii. Do you
have interest in health education classes?
IX. Do you observe hygiene rules at all?
X. Is there enough time allotted on the
school time table In your
school?
1.4 Purpose
of the study.
The aim of
this research work is to find out the problems of teaching
health
education in Ukum Local Government Area of Benue State.
The
researcher then believes that, if the findings are successfully carried out,
it will help
both teachers in the field already, teachers who may engage in
the field
with time to come, teachers who are wishing to be one among the
5
111.
professionals
in this field and the pupils/students to keep these problems in mind and adapt
different strategies to wash off these problems that is, by finding possible
and meaningful solutions which will help a lot in eliminating these existing
problems and raise the subject to a greater point or height.
, 5 • .5 Significance of the study.
This study
intends to identify the problems militating against the effective teaching of
health education in Secondary schools in Ukum local government area with a view
to analyze each aspect of teaching health education such as facilities and
equipment, attitudes of teachers and pupils towards the subject health
education and give recommendations on howto improve on them.
It explores
possible ways of insuring the full utilization of inherent values of health
education to Secondary schools through the careful analysis of problems from
the teaching of health education. In this way, appropriate suggestions aimed at
ensuring good teaching and organization of health education programmes based on
this study.
This will
also help the teachers in this discipline to explore their roles through
acquisition of right value of health education among Secondary
6
1
schools in
the proper teaching gained not only in the classroom but also out
side the
classroom which is the practical application.
It is also
important (significant) for the reason that, it wi\1 help
teachers in
the field to impart the correct skills, knowledge etc both
theoretically
and practically in their preparation process which in tum is
related to
the quality of their personal life.
Simply, this
work is significant to every living being as far as health IS
concerned.
1.6
Delimitation /scope.
The fact
that, Ukum local government area of Benue state is a big
local
government area as far as Secondary schools are concerned, it is
impossible
for the researcher to research in all the Secondary schools within
the local
government area due to financial, economic and other constraints,
the research
or study therefore covers only five selected Secondary schools
within the
local government area.
1.7
Definition of terms.
7
112.
Below are
the definitions of terms as used in this study?
i. Teaching: To give lessons to students
in schools, colleges etc to help students learn something by giving information
about it. Or a process of imparting knowledge, skills etc to the learners.
11. Problems: Things that is difficult to
deal with or understand.
iii. Health: A state of complete physical,
mental, and social wellbeing and not mere by the absence of disease or
infirmity.
IV. Education: A continuous process through
which individuals acquire knowledge, skills and change positively in behaviour
to be able to be useful to themselves and make meaningful contributions to the
development of the entire society within which they Iives.
v. Health education: An organized
teaching procedure directed towards developing understandings, attitudes and
practices relating to health factors.
VI. Secondary schools: The first, original,
earliest. Secondary schools are educational institutions where pupils first
acquire knowledge, skills etc as their foundation of learning.
8
----------------
Vll. Disease: An abnormal condition of an
individual or part,
especially a
consequence of infection, inherent weakness or environmental stress that
ImpairS normal physiological functioning.
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