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THE EFFECTS
OF LARGE FAMILY SIZE ON THE EDUCATION OF THE CHILD
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Education is
a veritable tool for the survival and continuity of a people as a distinct
group capable of asserting their identity according to Akume, G.T (2004).
Orhungur (1990) maintained, the task of education belongs to the entire
community where certain agencies are charged with the responsibility.
Before the
advent of Western education, the traditional society educational role was
mainly handled by the home and family. However, modern civilization has changed
the status quo by formalizing and institutionalizing the process of education.
The school
now serves as an institution established with the primary responsibility of
educating the society members.
UNICEF
reports (2004) pointed out, education enhances development. According to
UNICEF, as enrollment in schools increases, so does the gross domestic product
per capital, Government having recognized this fact that the child is a
tomorrow, leader, places high premium on the Nigerian child. If the youths are
not properly groomed, the nation is potentially at the verge of doom. And for
the plight of the child to be properly catered for, the commitment for the
child is formally enshrined in the convention on the rights of the child (CRC)
and the document abhors all forms of discrimination/deprivation and promotes
equality of opportunity, irrespective of sex in all spheres of life including
education.
The article
28 of (CRC) prescribes that the “child has a right to education and the state’s
duty is to ensure that education is free and compulsory”.
Despite the
declaration, and the endorsement of the convention of the rights of the child
(CRC) by various member states (Nigeria inclusive) also attempts to make
educational opportunities accessible, the Nigerian child has continued to be
deprived of their opportunity which holds key to human development.
The status
and role of the family constantly thwarts government efforts, hence the family
plays an important role in the education of the child.
Parents have
large and un-manageable family sizes thereby rationing educational
opportunities among the children. This result in the deprivation of other
children access to education which is a violation of the child’s right.
In Vandeikya
Local Government area of Benue state, large family sizes have continued to
frustrate government efforts and deprive the child access to education.
For the
Nigerian child to realize her full potentials and be equipped for tomorrow’s
responsibility, irrespective of his/her family status should adopt small family
size so as to be economically capable of meeting their children educational
needs.
Vandeikya
local government is bounded in the south by Konshisha local government, in the
East by Cross River State, in the North by Kwande local government and in the
West by Ushongo local government.
Vandeikya
local government area was formally part of Gboko local government but was
carved out of Gboko Local Government and established it’s independence in 1976.
This was for the convenience of administrative purposes following the occasion
of more states in Nigerian.
The local
government shared by some boundaries as follows; it is bounded in the North by
Ushongu local government; in the South by Cross River State; in the East by
Kwande and West by Konshisha local government area respectively.
It is made
up of 12 council wards namely;
1. Mbagbera
2. Mbakaange
3. Ningev
4. Mbakyaha
5. Mbagbam
6. Mbaiyongu
7. Mbatyough
8.
Mbanyumangbagh
9. Mbadede
10. Mbajor
11. Tsambe
12.
Vandeikya town council.
The total
population of Vandeikya local government based on the 2006 census is 230120.
The area is very fertile and productive. The main product from Agriculture
includes yams, rice, soya-beans, maize and kola nuts ground nuts etc.
The local
government is one of educationally advanced area. There are 83 senior secondary
schools and 24 junior secondary schools.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The
universal declaration of the right of the child as contained in CRC 1 aimed at
removing all abstracts to the deprivation of the child to attaining his full
potentials. One of the instruments achieving this goal is the education of the
child (Nigeria child in specific terms). Yet the Nigerian child still faces a
lot of deprivation in the area of good and a quality education, compounded by
the large family sizes.
Attempt by
government to ensure the education of her child by introduction of educational
policies aimed at boosting children enrolment in school is constantly being
frustrated by the child’s family. The size of the family significantly
determines the extent to which the child is educated. Children from large
families suffer a lot of setbacks i.e. very few of them are sent to school with
the least of school materials and attention they require affecting their education.
The little
family income has to be shared between other needs, education receiving least
attention as it is considered not to yield immediate economic benefits.
It is in
view of the above therefore that the researcher is spurred to investigate to the
effects of large size on the education of the child in Vandeikya local
government.
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The research
used the following research question;
1. What is
the number of children preferred by husband and wives?
2. Do spouse
discuss with each other on the number of children to have?
3. Which are
the sexes of children do husbands and wives prefer?
4. Who makes
decision as to the number of children to have?
5. Are there
other motives for the number of children in a family?
1.4 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The research
work is aimed at the following;
1. To
identify those factors that favor large family size in Vandeikya local
government area.
2. To
identify the effects of large family on the education of the Vandeikya child.
3. To
identify measures that can ensure the smooth education of the child from a
large family size.
4. To make
recommendations and suggestions on the effects of large family size on
education in Vandeikya local government area.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study on
the effects of large family size on the education of the child in Vandeikya is
significant in the following ways;
It will help
parents and educators to identify the effects of large family size on education
of the child in the study area and beyond with the aim of correcting the
phenomenon.
It will also
expose the parents and the society, to
the rights of the Nigerian child and the
need to respect them.
The study
will discourage large family size from potential parents for the effective
education of the child.
Last but not
the least, it will avail teacher of techniques and strategies that would
encourage students from large families towards education.
1.6 SCOPE
AND LIMITATION OF STUDY
The research
work covered all the (12) twelve council wards in Vandeikya local government
area. These wards are;
1. Vandeikya
township
2. Mbadede
3. Ningev
4. Mbagbera
5. Mbakaange
6. Mbagbam
7. Mbakyaha
8. Mbajor
9. Mbaiyongu
10.
Mba-nyumangbagh
11.
Mbatyough
12. Tsambe
In each of
these council wards, the researcher visited ten families. The selected families
cut
across large and small size families for a
balance result.
The
researcher was however constrained by the time factor under which the work was
to be completed. This accounted for the few number of families visited. Also,
finance and lack of co-operation from respondents in answering oral interview
and the completion of the questionnaires are some of the major problems on
encountered.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
For the
purpose of this study, the researcher used the following terms,
1. Family;
this is a group of people related to one another by blood ties, or adoption,
living together or not and sharing some sources.
2.
Education; this is the process by which the society inculcates desirable
skills, attitudes, beliefs and behaivour to its younger ones.
3. Drop-out;
this is the number of students who for one reason or another cannot complete a
course of study upon enrollment for a specified period of time. They either
withdraw willingly or are forced to leave school before completion.
4. Spouses;
this refers to a man and woman who live together as husband and wife (legally
married couple)
5. Child’s
rights; these are basic needs of the child; he or she is morally as well as
legally entitled to, when not satisfactorily met or deprived or amount to
violation.
6.
Reproductive health; it is that which ensures that people are able to have a
satisfying and safe life, freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so.
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