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FACTORS
CHALLENGING PLANTATION AGRICULTURE
ABSTRACT
This study
is about the factors challenging plantation agriculture in Edo state, A case
study of Ovia North East Local Government Area. Several factors were identified
that challenged plantation farm. example of such factors are lack of capital,
use of old plantation, farm, unavailability of land, lack of adequate farm
implements, lack of governmental support, access to market (transportation)
lack of laborers, illiteracy, bad road, networks, poor cultural practices and
land tenures system, climate condition e t c. A questionnaire approach was used
to obtain data from farmer in Ovia North East Local Government Area. The result
of this analysis shows that lack of capital was the main factor challenging
plantation farming in Ovia North East Local Government Area. This project work
focuses on the two major factors or types of plantation farming which are:
Rubber plantation farming and Cocoa plantation farming. We will come to see the
problems or the challenges that is affecting these two forms of plantation
farming in Edo state, especially Ovia North East Local Government Area worthy
of note, is that these factors are not only limited to cocoa and rubber
plantation, but also affect other types of plantation farming in Edo State.
Knowing these problems that affects cash-crop or plantation farming will expand
our knowledge in putting solution to such challenges.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background
of the Study
Statement of
Problem
Objectives
of the Study
Research
Question
Significance
of the Study
Scope of the
Study
Limitation
of the Study
Definition
of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
Review
CHAPTER
THREE
Research
Methodology
Design of
Study
Population
of the Study
Sampling and
Sampling Techniques
Research
Instrument
Administration
of Research Instrument
CHAPTER FOUR
Data
Analysis
CHAPTER
FIVE
Summary
Implication of Findings
Recommendations
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Agriculture
has always been the most important part of human history because we as
individuals, family, industrial and the nation as a whole all depend on
agriculture. Agriculture has played a long term activities in Nigeria in
general, including Edo state in particular, in providing varieties of food and
cash crops
Cash-crop
has actually played an important role in Edo state, in particular Ovia-north
east local government area. Before the discovery of crude-oil, cash-crops such
as, palm oil, rubber (latex), cocoa (cocoa beans) has always been boosting
Nigeria from Brazil, it was an important cash-crop. Nigeria at then used to
export large quantities of rubber, oil and cocoa. But in recent years, there
has been a drastic reduction in rubber and cocoa production in Nigeria. A total
207,500, which represent 86% of the country’s land area under rubber
cultivation on small holdings in 1966 declined to 147,200 hectares in 198.
Recently, field survey showed that more than two thousand of the small holdings
have been lost to other crops
Presently
rubber production in Nigeria has decreased and the rubber industries have
continued to fold-up (Agra, 1986) the fact is that Nigeria as a nation is
presently drifting from being the exporter of cash-crop (plantation produces)
into a net importer in the nearest future. Something that is also missing is
that Nigeria as a country and Edo State have chosen to forget the factors
challenging plantation farming because of their newly found means of finance.
For example,
during 60’s (1960s) Nigeria used to have one of the best quantity and quality
of cocoa but during year 2000 the quantity? The issue of fermentation was taken
for granted cocoa was not permeated according to its normal process. Farmers in
Ovia-North East Local Government Area no longer follow the processes of
fermentation. Fermentation of cocoa is supposed to last for six (6) days, but
the day of harvesting has turned into the day of drying pruning of cocoa trees
is not views as important, removing of parasite –inspected pod is not followed
regularly clearing around cocoa trees is no longer effective. All these vital
principles have been left behind by farmers and also the government. That is
why this project work is going to open our mind and broaden our knowledge on
factors that is affecting plantation farming in Edo state under Ovia-north east
local government of Nigeria
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
There are a
lot of factors affecting plantation farming in Edo state to be specific in
Ovia-north east do not have the knowledge of plantation. Agriculture also the
varieties of plantation farms within and around Ovia-north east shows that
plantation farms are poorly managed due to lack of capital, orientation and
literacy. The important question or issues is what is the reason for the
drastic turn down or reduction in production of plantation produces, especially
in Ovia-North East Local Government area of Nigeria
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of the studies are:
The identify the problem of plantation
farming in the study area
To bring out the main challenges or factors
so that farmers can easily identify it and put a solution to such problem
To confirm the acclaimed decline in cocoa
and rubber production in Ovia North East Local Government Area.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTION
The study
will be guide by the following
What are the factors challenging plantation
farming in ovia-north east local government area?
What are the ways in which these factors can
be improved?
How can knowing the factors help in
improving the present condition we find ourselves with regard to plantation
farming?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of the study lies in the fact that it will make the necessary suggestion and
recommendation to government and plantation farmers (cocoa and rubber) about
the problem of plantation farming.
The
importance of this study is based on the need to exploit other sources of
earning foreign exchange for the country. Since the discovery of crude-oil
plantation farming or agriculture has not been given serious attention by the
government. This study will help to bring out the factor that is challenging
plantation farming by analyzing every details affecting plantation farming so
that any individual or farmer going into plantation agriculture will be able to
succeed just by knowing the challenging he may encounter in the near future.
1.6 SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The scope of
the study will cover the problems or factors challenging plantation agriculture
in Edo state, under Ovia-North East Local Government.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Plantation
Agriculture: A large area of land, where crop such as coffee, cocoa rubber are
grown
Cocoa: this
is a fruit tree that produces pod that are filled with beans
Rubber: this
is a tree that produces latex which is used in producing material such as cups,
tyres, boots, electrical and gloves e t c.
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