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FACTORS THAT
INFLUENCE THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF NURSING STUDENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1:0
INTRODUCTIONS
Academic
performance according to the Cambridge university reporter (2003) is frequently
defined in terms of examination performance. Mac-farlance (2002) defined
academic performance as the ability of student to cope with their studies as
well as how various tasks assigned to them by their instructors are
accomplished, it include the ability to study and remember facts and to be able
to express such knowledge gained either verbally or in writing (Mac-farlace
2002). Students academic gain and learning performance is affected by numerous factors
including gender, age, parental social economic status, medium of teaching,
workload of course of study, student-teacher relationship, school background,
academic environment, teaching aids and infrastructures e.t.c.
1:1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY A major challenge facing higher education institutions
around the world is how to achieve quality outcome for students in an
increasingly globalized and competitive environment (Harvey and Kamvounias
2008). Education is a reciprocal process, during which the learners acquire
knowledge, ability and self thought (University of Wisconsin 2001). Nursing
education is designed to educate and train nursing students to become competent
and qualified professional Nurses (Mellish, Brink and Paton 2009). In order to
provide skilled nursing care, professional Nurses must be educated and trained
to make certain skill and be knowledgeable about the science of nursing.
(Mellish et al., 2009.) According to Leufer (2007) nursing student need the
appropriate knowledge and skill to enable them to deliver safe and competent
care to their patient, according to Mellish et al., (2009) students enter the
nursing programmes with different expectations of what is to be learnt,
different intellectual skills, types and level of motivation and different
interest. Furthermore, professional Nurses can also come from different
culture, backgrounds, consequently, professional Nurse education, who are
responsible for educating and training these students have a challenging task.
Many researcher conducted detailed studies on factors contributing to student
performance at different study level. Geiser and Santelices (2007), Acato
(2006) and Swart (1999) all argue that admission points which are a reflection
of the previous performance influence future academic performance. Graetz
(1995) said that one’s educational success depends very strongly on social
economic status of the parents. Considine and Zappala (2002) argue that
families where the parent are advantaged socially, educationally, and economically
foster a high level of achievement in their children, this is because students
from high social economic background are well exposed to scholastic materials
which aid their intelligence. Sentanu (2003), Kwesigh (2002) and Portes and
Macleod (1996) as cited in Cosidine and Zappla (2002) all argue that type of
school a child attends influences academic achievement. Mr Mabuda, a director
in nursing, states that nursing as a profession is still faced with a number of
challenges which ranges from education and training, coaching and mentoring,
limited facilities for clinical placement of students and the nursing shortage
(professional Nurses update September 2008), these challenges inevitably
influence the academic performance of students and ultimately threaten the
nursing profession. The typical learning environment, comprises of the number
of student in the classroom, the academic environment, teaching strategies and
the perception of the impact of group size on the learning experience (leufer
2007) the learning environment, plays an important role in captivating the
student interest and in maintaining it. It is therefore important to consider
how nursing students experience learning in a large class environment (leufer
2007) this would provide information such as:
• Are
student distracted by such large number
• Do student
feel assertive enough to interact or ask questions.
Large group
learning suggests that there is a relationship between class size and
participation level, which then affect the learning experience of student
(leufer 2007). Furthermore, the recruitment of more students without providing
adequate infrastructure, many logistical problem have been encountered for
example, inadequate sound system, control of attendance, ventilation increasing
noise level, these problems create further problems such as difficulty in
managing the group which results in late commencing of lecture. According to
leufer (2007) all these has impact on the academic performance of students.
Motivation plays a fundamental role in learning (Glynn, Anltman and Owen 2005)
increase in enthusiasm and motivation which may result in better academic
performance, similarly the lack of inspiration would result in a lack in
motivation, resulting in poor performance outcome (Leufer 2007). Baybel et
al.(2005) state that there are many factors that adversely affect nursing
educational performance like inadequate infrastructure, inefficient use of
technologies and educational techniques, student teachers relationship.
1:2
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND IT’S SIGNIFICANCE. Academic performance
which is measured by the examination results is one of the major goals of a
school, Hoyle (1986) argued that school are established with the aim of
impacting knowledge and skills to these who go through then and behind all this
is the idea of enhancing good academic performance. It has be noted that while
some student perform highly well, others do not perform well, concern is base
on those who do not perform well because if this poor performance goes
unchecked the reputation of nursing science department in Delta State
University will be lost. It is not yet known why some student fail to attain
the standard expected of them, there is lack of sufficient research in the case
of nursing student in Delta State University as to what factors affect academic
performance of the student. This research will therefore help to establish the
factors affecting academic performance of undergraduate students of nursing
science department in Delta State University.
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