INFLUENCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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INFLUENCE OF
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC
SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Guidance and
counseling are two closely interrelated concepts. According to Makinde (1984)
and Patterson (1977) guidance refer to a broad area of all educational
activities and services aimed at assisting individuals students to understand
themselves and adjust to school life.
Mutie and
Ndambuki (1999) defined it as a learning – oriented process which occurs in an
interactive relationship with the aim of helping the clients to learn about
themselves.
Guidance and
counseling is therefore aimed at bringing about maximum development and self
realization of human potential for the benefit of the individual and society.
In schools, or any lear4ning environment, the programme assists students in
harmonizing their abilities understand values; also enable them to develop
their full potential.
The
development of guidance and counseling originated from Europe and the united
states of America in 1900`s while in Africa it was in the commencement of
modern guidance and counseling can be traced back to 1958 when catholic
reverend sister in St. Theresa’s collage Ibadan, recognized the need to give
adequate career or vacation guidance to the final year students, the Reverend
sister was assisted by Mrs. Oruwarige specialist and the other interested and
enlightened members, who made their marks to give career talks on their
professions to the final year students. At the end of the exercise, the outcome
was encouraging, this was how guidance and counseling started in Nigeria, and
the movement continues to various institutions and schools etc.
Federal
government appreciates the need for guidance and counseling services in our
schools and reflected it on its National policy on Education (1981). This has
helped to make all the state governments to establish guidance and counseling
units in their ministries of Education, in addition to counseling units the
university and other institution.
Suffice to
say that although guidance and counseling is relatively new to the Nigerian
Education scene. It is gradually making its impact and still involving.
It is also
playing a great role in the implication of the ongoing 6-3-3-4 Education
system. But, despite the implication of guidance and counseling in all the
primary and post primary schools, it has been observed that the academic
performance of our students, particularly in the public schools, seems to be
declining, because of poor study habits among students. These necessitated the
need to find out, if guidance and counseling can influence the academic
performance of students in public secondary schools in Ibesikpo Asutan Local
Government Area of Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria.
Verron,
Adamson and Verron (1979), suggested that one of such variables that influence
academic performance of students is their study habit. Usually students adopt
various study habits but the strategic question is “how do these study habits
relate to their academic performances”?
Effective
study simply means the application of one’s mind to the acquisition of
knowledge with in-depth and methodical thinking and reflection, attentive
observation and careful detailed investigation.
Parents have
the right to know how their children are doing in school. Truly one would
expect their grades that can mean the difference between graduating and being
left behind, between obtaining a well paid job and getting only a maximum wage.
Again, many fresh entrants into the institutions of higher learning are posed
with extensive reading tasks. While some may explore and acquire useful study
techniques that would enable them cope appropriately with any given task, yet
some others may device force and un-orthodox methods culminating in examination
malpractices, to sorting etc, Therefore leaving the institution without
acquiring any useful knowledge.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
Poor
academic performances among secondary school students, gives concern, this has
a negative inflection on the various programmes. The main concern is the role
of guidance and counseling in facilitating the academic performance of
secondary school students. Little information is available on the extent to
which guidance and counseling has been used to assist in raising the academic
performance of secondary school students. The problem of this study therefore
is to determine the influence of guidance and counseling on students’ academic
performance in secondary schools in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area of
Akwa Ibom State.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
The purpose
of this study was to determine the influence of guidance and counseling on
secondary school students in Ibesikpo Asutan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom
State, Nigeria, Specially, the objectives are to determine the influence of;
1. Guidance
and counseling on students’ establishment and realistic academic goals.
2. Guidance
and counseling on students’ study habits; and
3. Guidance
and counseling on students’ academic performance in mathematics, English
Language.
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following questions were posed to guide on the study;
1. How does
guidance and counseling influence students’ establishment of realistic academic
goals?
2. To what
extent does guidance and counseling influences students’ study habits?
3. How does
guidance and counseling influence student’s academic performances in
Mathematics, English studies and Basic science.
1.5 Research
Hypotheses
The
following research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study:
1. H0: There
is no significant influence of guidance and counseling on students’ study
habit.
2. H0: There
is no significant influence of guidance and counseling on Students
establishments of realistic academic goals.
3. There is
no significant influence on students’ academic performance based on the
guidance and counseling
1.6
Significance of the Study
The finding
of the study world shed light to educational stakeholders about the
significance of guidance and counseling in upholding and promoting the academic
performance of students. Some school Administrators in general would appreciate
the importance of guidance performance among students and also encourage them
to increase or put more effort for professionalism.
The students
will also benefits from the study by improving on their academic performance
that well justify the commitments of huge portion of the nation’s scare
resources to secondary education and also have focus in life and achieve their
aims and objectives in life. It will be also, useful to the classroom teachers
and counselors, to improve in his guidance and counseling services to the
students.
1.7 Scope of
the Study
The study is
delimited to investigate or determine the influence of guidance and counseling
on the academic performance of student’s in public secondary schools in
Ibesikpo Asutan, and also their study habits in Mathematics, English Studies
and Basic Sciences. The study also delimited to the investigation of student’s
utilization of guidances and counseling services, teacher consultation attitude
etc.
1.8
Limitation of the Study
According to
Best and Kahn (1998) limitation are conditions beyond the control of the
research that may place restrictions on the conclusions of the study and their
applications to other situations.
The major
limitation of the study was;
1. The study
utilized responses from the students on how guidance and counseling influenced
their academic performances, therefore, some of the students could have faked
their responses.
1.9
Definition of Terms
1. Guidance
and counseling: These terms are used in the study to refer to counseling
activities in schools, organized by professional schools counselors.
2.
Establishment of Realistic Academic Goals: This is used in the study to refer
to student’s ability to use the counseling services and plan academic
programmes that would influence the student’s future aspirations.
3. Academic
Performance: This is used in the study to refer the scores obtained by the
student’s in achievement test on Mathematics, English Studies and basic
Sciences.
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