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A RESEARCH
PROJECT ON THE PROBLEMS OF TEACHING PRACTICAL BIOLOGY IN SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This project
was carried out to find out the problems in teaching Biology practicals in
senior secondary schools in Igbo Etiti Local Government Area in Enugu State.
Opoh (2008)
and Onah (2002), observed that Biology
practical is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and
animals and their relative environments in real or experimental set up.
Furthermore, the present researchers findings made it evident that there are
many or methods to make practical Biology more effective and efficiency in
educational system.
Chapter one
and two is the background of the study and the review of related literature
respectively. In chapter three, the research method and overall design of the
study was presented. Chapter four, dealt with data presentation and analysis of
data. The educational findings of the study, recommendation and summary were
contained in chapter 5. references and appendices were inclusive.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
According to
Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary (2000) defined “problems” as a thing that is
difficult to deal with or to understand
effectively. According to the Oxford
advanced learner dictionary (2000) defined practical as an ideal, on method or
a course of action, right or sensible, likely to be successful.
Practical
work is very essential to the effective teaching of body in school. Every body
citizen will be able to participate more effectively in any life situation, he
can speak out on questions that involve both biology principles and human
welfare, such knowledge will out come from were bookwork, but from practical
application of the materials learnt to real life situation.
Science is
the study of the natural things around us. Biology being a branch of science
involved the study of living and non living things. (Sanjini, 2001). Similarly,
World Book Encyclopedia (2000), defined Biology as the scientific study of
living thing. Traditionally, biology is divided into two branches Viz; Botany
and study of plants and Zoology the study of animals. Some of the usefulness of
biology were cited by Sarojiet (2001), as follows: it helps;
(1) Scientific research and development of new
tools and techniques which in variable improve the quality of our lives,
(ii) Finding applications in medicine, dentistry,
vetenary, science, agriculture and horticulture,
(iii) Biotechnology which include fields like
genetic engineering and hybridoma technology.
(iv) Dealing with ecological problems such as
over population, food storage, erosion, pollution, and diseases etc.
Practical
biology is the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals
and their relative environment in real or experimental set-up rather than
dwelling in the theory and ideals (Opuh, Eze and Ezeagu (2008). On its preamble
to the international senior secondary school certificate Examination syllabus,
West African Examination council WAEC (1998: 2003), buttresses the used for
biology practical in teaching and learning of biology in the secondary schools.
The syllabus was designed to asses candidates in;
(i) Understanding of the structure and
function of living organism as well as appreciation of nature.
(ii) Acquisition of adequate laboratory and
fields skills in order to carry out and evaluate experiments and projects in
biology.
(iii) Acquisition of scientific sill example
observing, classifying and interpreting biology data etc, to its previous
edition WAEC Syllabus (2001), stated that great importance should be attended
to experimental work and we control
experiments, it was recommended that, whenever possible throughout the whole
course candidates should be award of practical application of what is being
studied.
From the
foregoing, we can understand that biology practical lesson is most essential
for effective teaching and leaning of biology in secondary schools. Whereas,
Akinpelu in Aguokogbuo (2002), defined
teaching as a deliberate effort by a matured or experienced person to
impact information, knowledge, skills and so on to immature or less experienced
person. Consequently, national teachers institution NTI (2000) course book on
education, defined learning as the acquisition of new knowledge, ideas, skills,
values and experience which enable the individual to modify or alter his
action. It also involves the utilization of newly acquired knowledge or
experience as well. It further stated that leaning brings about permanents
change to the learners.
The nation
policy or education (2004), defined secondary education, as the education
children received after primary educational
level and before the tertiary state. According to post primary school
management Board PPSMB statistical rewards PRs (200), there are six secondary
schools in Igbo Etiti local government Area.
Igbo Etiti
Local Government Area, is in Enugu (Nsukka) The area is predominantly are urban
settlement with a few rural communities some of the secondary schools in Igbo
etiti local government includes, community High School Ekwegbe, Community
secondary school Ukop Ekwegbe, Community secondary school, Umuna, Community
secondary school Umunko and special science secondary school Ukehe.
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Biology as a
science subject requires trained technicians and the laboratory attendant
employed. In few schools
laboratory
attendant are school dropouts no basic knowledge of how to prepare specious for
biology practical. In most cases, these laboratory attendants lack technical
know how to operate, maintain repair or
service the few available equipment whom they broken down. According to Nwamonu
(2003), students perform poorly in biology practical leading to their failure
in biology examiners. Similarly, WAEC
chief Examiners (1993), reported that performance of candidate in biology fell
bellow expectation. The report discussed the candidates weaknesses under the
following sub headings;
(i) Poor spelling (ii) Poor observation
(iii) Poor mathematical skills (iv) Poor deductive reasoning,
(v) Mis-interpretation of question and
(vi) Poor knowledge of biology. The examiner
lamented that “there were many candidates who could not answer correctly a
single question in section A. in most cases, they have wild guesses and quite
unrelated answer that were sometime unbilogical.
Based on the
poor academic (1999) stated that the objectives of practical biology are not
being realized to a satisfactory extent. He pointed out that the power academic
performance in biology practical are caused by, lack of well equipped
laboratory, inadequate qualified biology teachers, limited time table hours,
poor observation, poor drawing and
labeling and poor comparism of specimens, etc. these begin stated of
affair is disturbing . The also emphasis on the West Africa School Certificate
to Benin city of Nigeria also observed that the biology laboratory were
inadequate. As a result the students were not adequately involved only
practical lessons. The students only watched teacher’s demonstration exercise
This study
therefore intends to examine the effect of Biology practical ineffective
academic performance of students in Enguu Igbo Etiti local government area of Enugu state. Specially, one would
like to ask;
(i) Does female students like biology than
male?
(ii) Which gender (i.e) male and female performance
better in the biology practical?
(iii) Are biology laboratory well equipped with
necessary apparatus.
(iv) Urban senior secondary school does the
performance better than the rural schools.
PURPOSE OF
THE STUDY
Based on the
background and problems of this study, the main purpose underlying the project
is to investigate the problem at teaching biology practical in senior secondary
schools (SSIII) In Igbo Etiti local government area in Enugu state. The study
specifically seeks to determine the problems of teaching practical biology in
senior secondary in Igbo Etiti local government area, of Enugu state. We
believe that the result of the research will be of significance with the
current reforms in biology education.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The
practical activities in biology are designed to help students acquired basic
scientific skills and improve the performance and achievement as well. The
study tends to uncover the benefits of practical biology to the students,
parents, teachers, government and the entire society.
If the
result of this research is properly initialized, it will;
(i) Promote the ideals that science is both a
product and process in students by arousing their interest in practical biology
work.
(ii) Motivate the parents to provide the basic
requirements to practical lesson for heir children.
(iii) Convince the biology teachers that practical
lessonare mostly essential for effective teaching and learning of biology.
(iv) Make the government, through of the ministry
of education to realize the need for provision of science equipment to schools
and posting of qualified biology teachers to secondary schools, it is not the
issue of jack of all trades master of none. Teaching has attained
professionalism and specialization
(vi) Help the Nigeria society in their quest for
improved technology and industrialization.
SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The study of
the research work was specifically based on the, senior secondary schools in
Igbo Etiti Local government area of Enguu state. The scope of the study is also
limited to on the problems of teaching practical biology in senior secondary
school students SSIII in the area.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
The
following questions was formulated to guide the study;
(i) What effect has biology practical on
academic performance of senior secondary school biology students?
(ii) Does female students like biology practical
than male students?
(iii) Which gender (i.e) male or female
performance better in the biology practical.?
(iv) Are Biology laboratory well equipped with
necessary apparatus.
(v) Urban senior secondary schools do the
performed better than the rural schools?
(vi) What effective has biology practical on
effective learning?
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