AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS OF LEADERSHIP IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS A STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OKO.
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AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS OF LEADERSHIP
IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
A STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC,
OKO.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgements iv
Table of contents vi
Abstract ix
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction 1
1.1
Background of the study 1
1.2
Statement of the problem 7
1.3
Purpose of the study 10
1.4
Significance of the study 11
1.5
Research question 12
1.6
Scope of the study 13
1.7
Limitation of the study 14
1.8
Definition of terms 15
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Literature Review 17
2.1
Background information in the study
area 17
2.2
Leadership Definition 18
2.3
Leadership problems 19
2.4
Problem characteristics 22
2.5
Leadership, Management and Bureaucracy 24
2.6
Functions of a leadership and
management 25
2.7
Tertiary institutions and federal
polytechnic 28
2.8
Techniques of leadership 31
2.9 Theories and approaches to leadership problems 32
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Research Methodology 38
3.1
Design of the study 38
3.2
Area of the study 39
3.3
Population of the study 40
3.4
Sample size/sampling techniques 40
3.5
Instrument for data collection 41
3.6
Validity and Reliability of the
instrument 41
3.7
Distribution and Retrieval of the instrument
42
3.8
Method of data analysis 44
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0
Data Presentation and Analysis 45
4.1
Presentation of Findings 45
4.2
Discussion/Analysis of findings 53
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations 58
5.1 Summary 58
5.2 Conclusion 59
5.3 Recommendations 60
References 62
Appendix
64
Questionnaire 65
ABSTRACT
This research
work “AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE PROBLEMS OF LEADERSHIP IN TERTIARY INSTITUTON”
looking at the ineffective and techniques which our leaders used so as to
inaccomplish the leadership objectives. Specifically, the work answers
questions which bordered on the problems of leadership which the institution is
going ontos. The five chaptered research works limit its scope of study in
Federal Polytechnic, Oko using proper information gathering method to obtain
data whereas twelve principle officers of the administration and academic
sector are used as the sample size. Also, the interview used for data
collection included students. The chapter four led to the chapter summary,
recommendation and conclusion. The research work actually show the most leader
ship problems which pull down the bad rapport between the management and the
subordinates so as to inaccomplish the set goals.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 THE BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
work “An investigation into the problems of leadership in Nigerian tertiary
institutions has a critical look at the leadership problems at which the
Nigerian tertiary institutions are led using Federal Polytechnic, Oko as a case
study.
Leadership
as known is the act of directing people/group of persons so as to accomplish as
stated objectives, determines the success and failure of an organization based
on the style adopted. Also leadership can be seen as the ability to influence
people to strive willingly towards accomplishing groups objectives.
Konnitze
and Dr. Donnell (1972) in Umeh (2005:145) define leadership as “interpersonal
influence, exercise in situation and directed through the communication process
towards the attainment of a specific goal or goals”.
He
further describes leadership as directing, coordinating a group people in a
specific situation, with the view to attaining the objectives of the group. It
also involves wielding authority over the subordinates giving direction and
ensuring that the objectives of an organization are met.
Moreso,
leadership is in essence concerned with human energy in organization group. It
is a people orientated phenomenon. It is also a force that can initiate action
among people, guide activities in a given direction, maintain such activities
and unify effort towards common goals.
In
this research work, leadership problems autocratic behaviour, lack of planning
etc.
Leadership
problems are explained merits and demerits marshaled out, at the same time, the
areas which require particular problems of leadership pin-pointed for
ineffectiveness.
Comparisons
of problems of leadership were projected lifting know the problem(s) which
should not be a approached properly. Bureaucratic, management as concerned
leadership are not left out. Consequently, techniques, theories and approaches
to leadership are made comprehensive in the work through the aid of the
intellects in leadership and management.
Finally,
the research work made an open revelation of the concept “leadership”.
The
application of the problems of leadership in any organization, be it service or
production should not through some numerous drives such as being wicked, arrogant,
rude, power fact of the force and not appeal to legitimate right. A bad leader
can not transmit feeling and execution to the followers by the process that
known as communication.
Federal
Polytechnic, Oko was established (1981) through collective effort of the
community. It is located in Orumba North Local Government Area of Anambra
State.
The
planning and establishment of the institution was executed by the Oko
progressive union, supported by their result oriented leadership of its first
chairman of the second civilian regime of Federal republic of Nigeria Dr.
Alex Ekwueme.
Initially,
the institution was approved by the Anambra
State government as a
college of arts and science in 1979. And was upgraded to Anambra State
Polytechnic, in 1985 when there was a leadership problem.
The
quality of its education programmes necessitated its take over by the Federal
Government in 1993, it is today known and called Federal Polytechnic Oko.
This institution
is located on a land mass covering 35.03 hectares. Because of the founder of the
institution, the land where the school is erected is dominated by various
individuals and organization as their contributions to the under development of
the institution.
Then
in 2002, after administration of Prof. Uba Nwuba, a serious crisis broke out in
the institution which led to a panel set up by the Federal Government to investigate
the matter. The exercise was messed up and disorganized, worsening the crisis.
In
this institution, the staff instead of facing academics and problems of
students they started mortgaging their jobs with acquiring wealth. There was no
serious academic planning and execution, there was no coordination, supervision
of staff and students was very poor and indiscipline become order of the day.
Also this institution is facing the appointment of a rector.
The
major problem of leadership is not well addressed students and recognize their
problems. Various leadership problems of the institution have kept the status
of the content of the institution in many shapes.
This
is because every leadership has its own made of operation that brings in good
or bad to the people.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Most of Nigerian tertiary institutions are faced
with some financial problems which impinge on administrative efficiency.
Federal Polytechnic, Oko is never an exception. Federal Polytechnic, Oko has
been hindered in the performance of its administrative functions as a result of
many problems including the inadequacy of human and materials resources. Many
of these problems includes;
i.
Unrealistic
Federal Government promises; the Polytechnic management has made it clear that
most of the Federal Government budget allocation made to the school have not
been fully released and this has been a serious sources of problem that
impinged most of the administrative function. Since, 1993 the school was taken
over by the Federal Government as its name changed to Federal Polytechnic.
ii.
Inadequate handling of the institution fund:
there has been widespread misappropriation of fund. This is witnessed in the
series of administration which have come and gone internally and externally
generated revenue of the school were most time squandered by the leader
abandoned.
This impinged institution activities thereby
setting the hand of the clock back.
iii.
Students refused
to pay their levies to the union; students union government of the institution
at various time initiated the idea of students of the school to paying students
union fees levy to enhance efficient in the side of the affairs of the
students.
As the government do not want to look into the
affairs of student by upgrading their condition. At the department levels,
association in the department, such as PASAN impose levy on the students till
dulge these payment thereby bringing failure to the activities of the institution.
1.3
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The general purpose of this research is to bring
to limelight the problem of leadership in tertiary institution with Federal
Polytechnic, Oko as a case study. In this work, the research therefore intends
to;
i)
To know the
type of leadership problems which is prevalent in the management level of
Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
ii)
To show the
strategies and motivational steps leaders take to lead ineffectively. This research is going to mention some approaches
a leader used so as to make the followers unaccomplished the goals of
leadership.
iii)
To correct the
mistake that his impinged the succeed of an organization. Most of our leaders
have run to failure in carrying out the responsibilities.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study will help a lot to
address the improper attitude of the leader in the managerial cadre who has
never had any opportunity of studying administration in the Tertiary Institution.
This study is meant to give wrong correction to the low knowledge and porous
problems that make them not to inaccomplish the objectives.
This study finding will also make the leader to
know the type of leadership which should be good for their people as the
responses of various groups concerning various leadership problem explained.
The leaders will understand from this finding as
it will make them take note on their problems which the subordinates could not
positively responded to.
While it improves the leadership inequalities
inculcated by the leaders and makes the organization concerned a failure one.
Significantly, the finding go further to tell the
leaders the problems that facing many institutions. Such as Federal
Polytechnic, Oko.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTION
i.
Is the
transmission of information within the management by memo or oral information?
ii.
What are the
kinds of leadership problems which is prevalent in the management level of this
institution Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
iii.
To what extent
has leadership roles contributed to the institutions?
iv.
What are the
functions to do in any organization, office or in the schools?
1.6
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study touches almost main parts of the
leadership problems found in institutions of higher learning especially in
Federal Polytechnic, Oko.
The research places much emphasis on
administration in tertiary institutions with emphasis in this institution.
All aimed at the ways in which our leaders of this
institution accomplished organizational objectives.
It analyzes the merits and demerits of these
problems so as to make proper decisions on which to be choose in relation to
the situation.
He also continued with the techniques, problems
characteristics and understanding of tertiary institution and leadership in
relationship with the other management concepts for the people.
1.7
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
This study could have been extended to other areas
but due to financial constraints and time factor couple with the attitude of some
of the people expected to give useful information necessary for the completion
of this work.
The researcher compelled to limit the study to
Awka North and Anambra East Local Government.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Leadership problem: is those things that hinders
the work of a leader in the organization especially in tertiary institution.
AUTOCRATIC
PROBLEM: It relies on
authority to force work to be done.
DIRECTIVE
PROBLEM: This is leadership problem where a leader makes
most decision for the people.
PLANNING: This is the continuous activity that can reduce
the advice effects of random behaviour and goals directed.
LEADERSHIP: It is the ability to influence people to strive
towards accomplishing group objectives.
ARBITER: Someone who is tasked to judge some matter.
BOURGEOISIES: Those who are in the class of social status and
material prosperity.
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