PUBLIC POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY OF THE NATIONAL POLICY ON POPULATION 1999-2007)
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PUBLIC
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN NIGERIA
AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (A STUDY
OF THE NATIONAL POLICY ON
POPULATION
1999-2007)
ABSTRACT
A study of Public Policy under
Olusegun Obasanjo Administration, A study of National policy on population for
sustainable south Eastern Nigeria. Data included a survey of 263 respondents
aged between 20-60 years drawn from the National population commission Enugu, Doctors on ESUT Teaching Hospital Parklane Enugu,
Academic staff of University of Nigeria, Enugu campus,
and Honourable members of Enugu
state House of Assembly. The study evaluate the effective implementation of the
National policy on population for sustainable development particularly the
conduct of year 2006. It was designed to measure how the conduct of census 2006 met item “19” of the objective of the population
policy. Research findings indicated that the following factors were largely
responsible for poor monitoring of the implementation of various aspects of the
policy particularly the census 2006 project by relevant agencies, time
constraints, logistics contrains and inadequacy of trained manpower. The study
amongst others measures recommended that the various implementation agencies
particularly the National Council on Population Management (NCPM) and the
National population commission (NPC)
should take their statutory roles of monitoring seriously and provide guidance
for overall policy implementation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Certification ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
Table of contents vii
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction 1
1.1
Background of the study 1
1.2
Statement of the problem 6
1.3
Purpose of the study 8
1.4
Significance of the study 9
1.5
Research question 10
1.6
Scope of the study 11
1.7
Limitation of the study 12
1.8
Definition of term 13
CHAPTER
TWO
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.0
Introduction 15
2.1
Background information in the study
area 16
2.2
Definition of policy and public policy
17
2.3
Aspect of policy 19
2.4
The national policy on population for
sustainable development 23
2.5
Contemporary theories of policy
formulation 45
2.6
Summary of Literature Review 60
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Research Design and Methodology 62
3.1
Design of the study 62
3.2
Area of the study 63
3.3
Population of the study 64
3.4
Sample size/sampling techniques 65
3.5
Instrument for data collection 69
3.6
Reliability and validity of the
instrument 69
3.7
Distribution and Retrieval of the
instrument 70
3.8
Method of data analysis 70
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0
Data Presentation and Analysis 72
4.1
Presentation of Findings 72
4.2
Discussion/Analysis of findings 80
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0 Summary,
Conclusions and Recommendations- 83
5.1 Summary 83
5.2 Conclusion 84
5.3 Recommendations 85
Appendix
I 91
Appendix
II 92
Questionnaire 93
References 97
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Recording
human numbers using statistical method is not a recent phenomenon. It is the
method used for collection, analyzing and interpreting of numerial data
relating to a certain area of investigation as well as for drawing valid
conclusion in situations of uncertainty and variability.
The
statistical knowledge for effective national planning equitable governance and
planning for the future. It also serves as a basis for resource distribution
such as rereme allocation, constituency representation, employment, the siting
of industries and social amenities (hospitals, school, post office, road and
police stations); and the allocation of legislative seats for each in federal
and state house of assembly.
Due
to these population recorded census in Nigeria has become politicalised, the
political elites has come to understand the degree to which recording human
numbers determined the population of government amenities distributed to them
and their economic and political weight within their society.
These had come to manipulation and
falsification of population census figures of groups or regions within the
country. The political and economic development in Nigeria would have been much easier
if reliable population data were available, because the absent of trustworthy
or accurate population data directly affects the governments inability to
ensure balanced political representation and equal access to important governmental
resources.
In this paper, the research commended a
biometric system approach to population census and identification is proposed
to help stop the manipulation and falsification of population figure in Nigeria. This use
of biometric technology for population census and identification will help
Nigerian government to identify and have data records of its citizens which
will enhance political and economic representation of each group and region in
the country.
Public
policy may be conceptualized as decision making at the federal government
level. It may be perceived as a general rule or principle within an
organization which is meant to guide future decisions or plans or actions. The
national population policy which was enunciated by the federal military
government in 1988, and subsequently reversed in 2004 was designed to guide the
behaviour of Nigerians in population matters. It is now nearby two decades
since it came into being. It therefore become imperative for one to examine the
extent this lefty policy has been fully implement.
The national policy on population to
sustainable development covers a wide range of issues which included:
population size, population growth rate, age structure, fertility, morbidity,
population distribution, urbanization and migration, population projection and
sources of population data.
Given the important of up data
population data-base as a critical tool for good planning and governance Nigeria
faces major challenges in developing a timely and high quality population data
base. Major sources of population data in Nigeria include censuses, surveys,
vital statistics and administrative record for the purpose of this study, the
research will focus on census 1991/2006 because census is an instrument for
capturing the population and population characteristics of the entire country.
Population census is a project design to achieve item “19” amongst the
objectives of the policy which state- improve the population, social, economic
data based, promote and support population, and development research and help
leadership groups recognize the important contribution that planning and data
utilization make to the good governance of Nigeria.
After the conduct of 1991 and 2006
censuses it was expected that government can plan affectively to combine the
incidence of poverty since data on covering various aspects of the census had
been make available. Rather the world bank after conducting its survey on human
resources and poverty in 2006, reported that 43 percents of the population was
living below the poverty line. This report has in gendered a critical question
has accurate in our population data? Is it as all been made use of by
government for planning and development purpose? Given the above scenario, this
study seeks to evaluate that factor which undermined the effective
implementation of 1991/2006 census, with a view to measure how it meets the
“19” objective of the population policy.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
An
accurate and up to data population data base is a critical tool for good
planning and good governance stated the population policy. To generate and
develop a timely and high quality database Nigeria conducted a census in 1991
and 2006 respectively. It is expected that data generated through the census
would meet objective “19” of the population policy provided for an improvement
on the population, social and economic database promote and support population
and development research, and help leadership groups recognize the important
contribution that planning and data utilization make to the good governance of
Nigeria. The arm of the policy been to improve the quality of life and achieve
sustainable development in Nigeria.
After nearly twenty years of
implementing the population policies, through the conduct of 1991 and 2006
population census, the goal of the policy which is to improve the quality of
lives and achieve sustainable development have proved elusive. The above situation
was captured strongly by the World Bank when it re-ported in 2006 that 43
percentage of the population was living below the poverty line. The findings
raise questions concerning the implementation of the 1991/2006 census (es). In
both census (es) were the enumeration areas covering the entire country
thoroughly delineated was there a through enumeration of the entire country?
For planning and development related matters did government make use of the
figures published? Given the above questions thus study seeks to evaluate the
factors which undermined the effective implementation of the census 1991/2006
projects.
The findings will enable us to assess
the level the implementation of the census project met the goals of the
population policy.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The general purpose of the study is to
assess public policy implementation and effect on economic development.
Other
specific purposes of the study include;
1)
To evaluate the extent to which the
implementation of census 2006 met the provisions of “term 19” of the objectives
of the population policy.
2)
To investigate the area in which the
conduct of year 2006 census contributed to national development.
3)
To find out the way in which the 2006
census contributed to raising the standard of living and sustainable
development of Nigeria
as enumeration in the national population policy for sustainable development.
4)
To evaluate whether the implementation
of the national population policy for sustainable
development
particularly the conduct of year 2006 census has been a success.
5)
To evaluate the factors which
undermined the effective implementation of the national development
particularly the conduct of year 2006 census.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is significance in the light
of the following
1.
To the general public, the study will
reveal the extent to which the national population policy was a success.
2.
To the policy makers, it will reveal
whether 1991 and 2006 census had contributed towards the improvement of data bases
or provided by item “19” in the objective of the national policy.
3.
To the public administration, the
study will indicate whether the population policy has achieved it objectives of
promoting and supporting population and development research.
4.
The findings of the study will reveal
the factors which impeded the effective, implementation of the 1991 and 2006.
5.
To the general public the study will
demonstrate the land of the study, the execution of census 1991/2006 has
achieve the policy’s goal of raising the standard of living and achieving
sustainable development.
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION
To
aid the present research effort, the following research questions are found
pertinent.
1.
To what extent did the implementation
of census 2006 met the provisions of item “19” of the objective of the
population policy?
2.
In what ways has the conduct of 2006
census contributed to national development?
3.
In what ways have the conduct of year
2006 census contributed in raising the
standard of living and sustainable development of Nigerias as enumerated in the
national policy for sustainable development?
4.
To what extent or how has the
implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development
been a successes?
5.
What factors possibly undermined the effective
implementation of the national policy on population for sustainable development
particularly the conduct of year 2006 census?
1.6 SCOPE/DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research examines the factors which
undermined the effective implementation of the 1991 and 2006 census, with a
view to measure how the implementation met the “19” objective of the national
population policy. Because the policy covers a wide range of issues, and the
limitation of time the study is restricted to espect of the policy sources of
population data (which is census) and objective “19” of the policy which states
to improve the population, social and economic data-base, promote and support
population and development research and help leadership groups recognize the
important contribution make to the good governance of Nigeria”.
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
In a research project of this nature, it
is always difficult to complete the work without going through a number of
factors which constituted impediments source of the respondent were reluctant
to air their views. This resulted in the researcher not being able to gather
the entire questionnaires distributed.
We were constrained by time especially
to move from one library to the other, typing the questionnaire and
distributing them.
Finance is another constraint. A lot of
money was needed for transporting, typing etc. Despite these research did her
best.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERM
To
aid the present research effort, the following terms and acronyms are defied.
1.
Policy: A policy is perceived or a
general rule or principle within an organization, which is meant to guide
future decisions, plans or actions.
2.
Public policy: This is policy made at
government level and it therefore affects the general public within the area of
jurisdiction of the government or public institution formulating the policy.
3.
National policy on population for
sustainable development. This is a policy document which prescribed the rules
that will guide the future conduct of actions that related activities in the
country.
4.
NDHIS: National demographic and health
survey
5.
AIDS: Acquired immune Deficiency
Syndrome
6.
NFS: Nigerian fertility survey
7.
PTWG: Population technical working
groups
8.
TFR: Total fertility rate
9.
V.V.F: Vesico – vaginal fistula
10.
PAG: population advising group
11.
MICS: multiple indicator cluster
survey.
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