SCHOOL LIBRARIES AS AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR ACHIEVING ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE A CASE STUDY OF SCHOOLS IN OWERRI TOWN
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SCHOOL LIBRARIES AS
AN EFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR ACHIEVING ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE A CASE STUDY OF
SCHOOLS IN OWERRI
TOWN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - - - - - - - - i
Approval page - - - - - - - ii
Dedication - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgements - - - - - - iv
Table of
contents - - - - - - - v
Abstract - - - - - - - - ix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction - - - - - - 1
1.2 Historical Background of secondary school
library
in
Owerri town (capital territory - - 14
1.3 Statement of the problem - - - - 19
1.4 Objective of the study- - - - - 20
1.5 Scope of the study - - - - - 21
1.6 Significance of the study - - - - 22
1.7 Research Questions - - - - 23
1.8 Definition of Terms - - - - - 24
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of related literature - - - - 27
2.1 Concept school library - - - - 30
2.2 Importance of school libraries - - - 32
2.3 The roles and functions of the school library
36
2.4 Service of school library - - - 39
2.5 The school library collections - - - 44
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Methodology - - - - - 46
3.1 Introduction - - - - - - - 46
3.2 Design of the study - - - - 46
3.3 Area of the study- - - - - - 46
3.4 Population of the study - - - - 47
3.5 Sample and sampling techniques - - 48
3.6 Instrument for data collection - - - 48
3.7 Validation of instrument - - - 49
3.8 Method of data analysis - - - - 49
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data Presentation and analysis - - - 50
4.1 Method of data analysis- - - - 51
4.1.2
Finding of the study- - - - - 58
4.1.3
Results of interview - - - - 61
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1
Summary- - - - - - - 63
5.2
Recommendations - - - - - 64
5.3
Conclusion - - - - - - 66
References - - - - - - - 68
Appendix - - - - - - - 70
Questionnaire - - - - - - 71
ABSTRACT
This
project work is on the “school library as an effective instrument for academic
excellence of schools on Owerri town”. The aim of this research survey is to
determine and examine the extent of services being rendered to library users,
the stock of the library and to some extent the problems placing the library.
The character and efficiency of any institution and that of its various
categories of populace is adjusted by its treatment of its central organ the
library along with the school, college, the news media and other manifestations
of the “knowledge industry” is one of the agencies through which the
institution of education exerts its influence on society, the library satisfy
the basic information, education, cultural and other needs of its clienteles in
their general and specific intellectual fields and pursuits. Information is
preserved in the print and non-print medium and the school library acquires,
organize, interprets, preserves and stores the information purveying media for
easy access and consultation thus, today is the gateway to broadcast world or
scholarly information for pupils, students and teachers. School libraries are
an information and is indispensable to a pupils or students advancement or self
development. The right information at the right time, at the right place to
improves the ability of a students, pupils or teacher. School libraries
therefore are not the basis of all teaching and learning, it is also essential
for promoting and enhancing intellectual or academic pursuits. Also its aim at
establishing a firm knowledge of school and general subjects by making choices
of these materials to select those which will build up a firm and realistic
foundation. The wide range of such materials provides an incentive to use them
to impart knowledge and for preparing pupils and students also for their
various examinations. In which they give useful experience and increase self
confidence and develop basis for more advanced work and they through their use
the pupils and students will in the best sense of the words, striving for
excellence in their academic. These places the school libraries are at a
position of relevance and explains why it is an effective instrument for
achieving excellence.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
The
word according to the new Lexicon Webster Dictionary of the English language.
Library is defined as a room or building housing a collection of books usually
arranged according to same plan. Such collection of book on related topics
issued by a publisher.
The
library has collection of records of human culture in print and non-print
information purveying materials housed, preserve, organized, interpreted and
managed by a professional librarian, to meet the broad and varying needs of
users or clientele, for their information, knowledge, education, research,
recreation and aesthetic appreciation.
However
the word library is defined as a room or building containing books that can be
looked at or borrowed by members of the public or members of the group or
organization that owns the library.
According
to Longman Dictionary of English language and culture; A building in which
collections of books, CDs, newspapers, etc are kept for people to read, study
or borrow.
The
library is an integral part of any academic institution where it is situated
and no such institution can achieve its well throughout objectives without the
library. It is not an adjunct to the parent institution, but an indispensable
part. It is necessary to have library in our post primary schools because it is
the central organ of an academic institution which determines the excellence of
the institution in teaching and learning. School libraries are found in
elementary post primary and higher schools and house the materials and services
that students and teachers requires to carry out their academic activities.
Their holdings consist of printed an audio-visual materials that support and
extent the curricula and that attempt to make reading attractive to students.
According
to encyclopedia Americana,
they offer reference and inter-library loans in terms of size, 54.6% of school
libraries have fewer than 2000 books, while 3% have more than 10000% books. In
the early 1990s there were approximately 3500 school libraries in Mexico,
representing a 24% increase in just two years. School libraries have also
extended their missions and the level of their services in recent years.
Furthermore,
from the above one can see that the school library has a remarkable role in
academic excellent of students because the process of teaching and learning
cannot be effectively done without incorporating the library of secondary
education system. It is therefore an instrument of education excellence. In
this regard Ishola (2002) says “That whose function is to broaden the education
of students by introducing them to spheres of knowledge outside the narrow
confines of their school curriculum”
The
school library can serve as follows:-
i.
Resource
centre: Offers a wide variety of materials that information is not only stored
in print form but also in non-print.
ii.
Teaching
Agency: Teacher students various skills which when acquired enhances their
academic performance and discourage leaving by rote.
iii.
Services
Agency: Offer various services users to aid them make maximum utilization of
the library resources.
iv.
Recreation
Agency: Guides students in their research work involving using the library by
providing minor reference assistance to them.
v.
Educational
Agency: This is the overall development of an individual, growth, progressive
reconstruction of experience and a life long process. The educational roles of
the school library are:-
a)
Inculcation
of permanent literacy
b)
Promotion
of early child education
c)
Enhancement
of secondary education
d)
Development
of reading habits.
The school libraries thus has
challenged the functions of parents, teachers, classroom and the various
institutions that were formerly the exclusion, sources of knowledge and
information.
The characteristic of the school
library:
1.
User: They are made up of the pupils, students and
teachers. Some are more intelligent than others or some are eager to read while
others are backward. The libraries should give more attention to the less
intelligent once in order for them to meet up.
2.
Contents: It contains materials that are book and
non-book materials also contains
materials based on the syllables and subjects taught at school chosen on basis
of its individual merit considering the special needs and problem of the
institution and the medium that most effectively conveys the desired content so
that its objective will be met.
3.
Location: It is part of the school community. They are to
achieve the objectives of the school that set it up the library as a
complement.
4.
Functions: It is an integrating factor in the work of the
school. The work of the school library is directed towards the definite
education aims of the school.
A large percentage of pupil and
students in nursery, primary and secondary schools are ignorant of the fact
that personal intelligence and more knowledge of a subject does not
automatically establish firm knowledge of a subject and excellence in school,
the school library is an invaluable and for
achieving academic excellence. Also teachers, parents and libraries are
today concerned about the poor reading habits of our students, poor performance
at school and fall in our educational standard. This cry has invariably
elicited very passionate question in the minds of those who love and care of
all round development of these students. The libraries are yearning
collectively on how to combat this problem knowing the adverse effect of this
ailment first in the lives of the pupils and students, secondly in the progress
of a country like ours.
The relationship between school
libraries and reading habits and that between school libraries and academic
excellence has been a subject of theoretical interest and practical importance
amongst librarians. However, this relationship has been established through
effective reading and general success in academic pursuit. In the primary
schools, the library laid the foundation for reading habits by importing
reading skills at the formation stage of the pupils education. In the secondary
schools they form the foundation for independent learning at present school and
at successive stages of the students life by establishing firmly the reading
habits acquired in the primary school. Also the school library communicates
information from several information carries, for better understanding and
broadcasting of knowledge and there produce profound effects on the various
categories of the students populace who acquire the skill of utilizing and
assimilating information from the library, thus become more successful than
others by virtue of information and knowledge they possess via the library
collections.
It was in view of this that Morgan
(2003) asserts that in the hands of a cultured teacher the school library may
serve as a link to bind together the home and school, and to arouse the
interest of parents in what and how their children are reading, by referring
them to the library.
Teachers can suggest to pupils
valuable books suitable for their age, attainment, tastes and necessities.
Seldom does a day pass when the vigilant teacher has not an opportunity, either
in a class or in private conversation, to drop into the prepared soil of pupils
mind a hint of some valuable books to read in the library.
In conclusion “there is no better
intellectual and moral influence than that which comes from reading a good book
aloud in the family circle” Morgan (2003) concludes that:-
Learning with tear is now a thing of
the past like wise learning from single textbook. As every good and resourceful
teacher knows one of the crimes or worst “sins” a teacher can commit against
his students is to feed them with wrong and out-dated information, also for the
purpose of education to be fully achieved, students and teachers need to
consult several source for better understanding and clarity. Also, nothing could
be as dangerous as ignorance and an ill-informed student as they fall prey to
rumours and false propaganda. The library selects, acquires and store in a
classified arrangement on shelves the best and up-to-date sources of
information that keeps staff and students abreast of new developments in
knowledge and understanding of the subject matter, encourage practical work and
develop the powers of analytical appraisal and of critical thinking.
Learning can be one of the most
exciting experience in life, while reading is identified as the single most
important determinant of a child’s success at school and in modern society as
well. Learning also in modern life depends largely upon ones ability to
interpret the printed messages accurately and fully, while reading is an
educational task, essential for ones excellence in all academic pursuits. He
who has other reasons for learning and reading besides interest in the subject
has everything going for him, his interest broadens and cheap source of
information during childhood education. Thus ideas absorbed from reading and
learning through then remains with the students for the rest of their lives and
produces profound effects and influences on their academics. Also the school
library in no small measure plays a great part on the attitudes, behaviours,
aspiration academic pursuits embarked upon by students and in determining the
kind of people they can be
Good readers who have mastered the
tasks of reading agree that early exposure to a wide range of printed materials
is a highly relevant factor in reading. The handicap most secondary schools
students face in reading development is lack of good reading materials. The
school libraries are indispensable in the area of provision and proper use of
books, this have made them the forum on which the educational activities of our
secondary school revolves. It behaves on students numerous information sources
to exploit so as to enhance their academic performance and to excel. This way,
it lays foundation for a brighter future. Knowledge acquired from the
information embedded, in the library and resources is like a fortune rightly
acquired. For it is “the heart of the institution and the apex on which the
intellectual life of the school and student rest”.
1.2
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SECONDARY
SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN OWERRI
TOWN
The development of secondary school
libraries in Owerri town could not be treated in isolation from that of school
libraries in general in Owerri which commenced in the early 1950’s.
This historical development of
secondary schools library started in government secondary school, Owerri now
government college, Owerri which was established in 1952 and modern school,
Owerri now Girls’ Secondary School, Owerri established in 1955.
Libraries in secondary school are
established in government trade centre, which serves the educational
(Technical) needs of those students in the technical education sector.
Moreover, due to the type of materials
the library stock, it could not serve the general interest of the students in
Owerri town. For this reason another library was established in the modern
school, Owerri which now serve various categories of students. Despite the type
of materials that the library stocked it contributed immensely to the educational
development of the town. This was the state affairs until another library was
established in the government secondary school which before then serve as a
book depot for schools in the then Eastern region, as it was from there that
books meant for primary and secondary in the eastern region sent by the then
Colonia government were deposited for the various number of volumes of books
meant for their school. However, it must be noted that the central library at Enugu was also providing
library service known as “library on wheels” to schools in Owerri town
(secondary school) before the war, (Nigeria civil war). This factor led
to the promotion of the establishment of libraries in secondary schools in
Owerri town which were though largely organized and were left to the part-time
of teachers. The libraries then in some of these schools were either location
in one classroom or found to be in the principals office.
In 1955 the Government College,
Holy Ghost College,
Girls Secondary School Owerri were founded. The Government Technical
College, Owerri was
founded in 1952, Federal
Government Girls
College, 1973 and Bishop Lasbrey
Girls Secondary
School, 1952 become secondary school in 1986.
In 1957 a library was established in
the government college with the aid of the books deposited in the institution.
Then a teacher librarian was trained by the administrators who were white men
at Enugu. It
has the largest volume of books amongst all the schools in Owerri town which
strives till today. The library building had a statue of students clutching a
book in a round-about in front of the library to indicates the building. The
person in charge of the library holds a degree in library science education.
The Government Technical College
Library was established in 1956 for students in the technical and trade sector
of education. Its resources is limited to the type of courses offered in the
college. This is an N.C.E graduate in technical in education but with
librarianship. With background knowledge of librarianship acquired through
attending seminars, workshops, conferences and long period of the classroom
complex which is located in a large hall. It has volume of books ranging
between 1000 to 1500.
In 1973, the Federal government Girls
Secondary School Owerri was established and in 1974 was founded. The library
caters for the interest needs of students in the secondary section and those in
higher school section (lower and upper sixth students) this accounts for its
large number of volumes of 3,500. The library is manned by a professional
librarian with a bachelor of library science degree. Since 1973 the school has
achieved its inception. The library is allocated an entire building and has
links with the academic feats.
After the conversion of Bishop Lasbery
Girls Secondary School Irette to a secondary school then the library was
established in 1986, which is located in one classroom and manned by a teacher
librarian. The library has volumes of books ranging between 800 to 1000.
1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This
study is the investigation of the extent to which school libraries contribute
to academic excellence. Also school libraries has effect on the pupils,
students and teachers and their indispensable contributions to the teaching and
learning programs of the schools is yet to be fully understood. As a result of
this problem, what this research study tries to portray is the mechanism by
which the school libraries comes about it.
1.4
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The library is a central focus because
in every academic institution. The learners and educators achieve this
objective through the library which serves as the vehicle of communication or
transmission of scholarly knowledge for educational excellence.
School libraries are very
indispensable for effective teaching and learning process. The main aim of this
study is the town in relation to their academic performance.
1.
To
know the impact of school library and program on its various patrons
2.
To
find out the impact of reading culture and library skills acquisition on
students performance.
3.
To
know the extent to which library collections impact knowledge.
4.
To
examine the service of the school library.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
scope of this study is limited to schools in Owerri town. This covers three boys
and three girls secondary school. These six secondary school represent all the
geographical area in Owerri town.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study is significant because it will benefit the following:-
1.
School
libraries should be able to perceive and teach the students on how to use the
library as data banks of information and knowledge for self directed learning
and research.
2.
Teachers
will know that in order for a student to cope academically and other wise
he/she has to become self reliant in obtaining and utilizing information.
3.
Parents
guardians are to be acquainted with vital role of the school library and its
overall impact on the academic pursuits of their children.
4.
The
school principals should also include the habit of using the library in the
life of the students.
5.
The
state government will also recognize the importance of libraries in the
secondary education from this research.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) Has
any impact of such library on its patron?
2) Does reading culture and skills acquired
impact on the performance of the students?
3) To what extent do the collections imparts
knowledge on the users?
4) What are the services provided by the
school library?
1.8 DEFINITION
OF TERMS
1) According to the new Lexicon Webster Dictionary,
school is a community of those who teach and those who are taught, especially
one of the education of children, usually housed in a building design and
equipped for this purpose. The purpose to be achieved is transmission of
knowledge, cultural and social values which are acceptable from one generation
to another. Also all these should be recorded and preserved in book and other
information carrying media, which are collected and preserved by the library
for the users to make use of.
2) Library is defined as a room or building
housing a collection of books usually arranged according to some plan. Such
collection of book on related topics issued by a publisher.
3) Education: Is a process of teaching
training and learning especially in schools to improve knowledge and develop
skills. Example Nursery, primary, secondary and higher education.
4) School libraries are an information agency,
they provide ready access to this information and is indispensable to a pupils
or students advancement or self development. The right information at the right
time, at the right place to improves the ability of a student, pupils or
teacher.
5) Questionnaire: It defined as set of
question relating to the aim of the study and the hypothesis to be tested to
which the respondents are expected to answer in writing.
6) Sampling techniques: Is a techniques or
method used to minimize error and bias in the study. It also the method that
all the elements have equal probability of being selected for investigation.
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