PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF NNEWI NORTH L.G.A ANAMBRA STATE.
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PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM
ENTERPRISES IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF
NNEWI NORTH L.G.A ANAMBRA STATE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title i
Approval ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Table
of contents vi
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the study 1
1.2 Statement of the problem 3
1.3 Purpose of the study 5
1.4 Significance of the study 6
1.5 Research Question 7
1.6 Scope of the study 9
1.7 Definition of the terms 9
CAPTER TWO
Literature
Review
Summary
of Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1
Design of the study 36
3.2
Area of the study 36
3.3
Population of the study 37
3.4
Sample of the study 37
3.5
Instrument for Data collection 37
3.6
Validation of the instrument 38
3.7
Distribution and Retrieval of
instrument 38
3.8
Method of Data Analysis 38
CHAPTER FOUR
Data Presentation and Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary of the findings 57
5.2
Conclusion 58
5.3
Recommendations 59
5.4
Limitations of the study 61
5.5
Suggestion for further studies 62
References 63
Appendices
65
ABSTRACT
The
major purpose of this study is to determine factors influencing small and
medium enterprises in Nigeria. To determines the extent finance house strick
condition have affected the development of small and medium enterprise in
Nigeria and also assess the extent poor financing has affected small and medium
business operations. This study will help small and medium enterprise to assess
and appraise their role in solving the problems of unemployment in Nigeria. It
will guide the compliance with government monetary policy. It will also equally
server as a guideline to researchers who may wish to decide with this study in
the future. The following findings were made is the course of analyzing the
data. There has been a phenomenal growth in the number of small and medium
ventures for past few years. The nature and dimension of small and medium
enterprise in Nnewi North made profit of about N5000 daily. The following
recommendations are made in the belief that they will promote and stabilize
small and medium enterprise of implemented. To overcome the problem of
financial constraints, the government should re-introduce the small business
credit scheme to that beneficiaries can use them to run the small and medium
enterprise.
CHAPTER 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF
THE STUDY
In recent years, particularly since the adoption of
the economic laicism programme in Nigeria in 1986, there has been a decisive
switch emphasis from the grandiose, capital intensive, large scale industries
project based on the philosophy of import substitution to small scale
industries with immense potentials for developing domestic linkages for rapid -
sustainable industrial development. Apart from their potential for ensuring a
self reliant industrialization, interms of ability to rely largely on local raw
materials small scale enterprises are also in a better position to boost employ
raw materials, small and medium enterprises are also in a better position to
boost employment, guarantee a more even distribution of industrial development
in the country industry the rural areas and facilitate the growth of non-oil
exports.
In
Nigeria the definition of small and medium enterprises also varies from time to
time and according to institutions for instance, the Central Bank of Nigeria’s
(CBN) monetary policy circular No: 27 of 1988 define small and medium enterprises
in (exchange general commerce) as enterprises in which total investment
(including land and working capital) did not exceed N500,000 and or the annual
turn-over did not exceed N12 million small and medium enterprises is one of the
modern strategies under develop countries are employing to break into the
“league” of developed countries fasua (2006) categorized business that fall
under small scale as follows firewood, supply plantain production restaurant
services small scale poultry raising, operating a nursery for children home
laundry services and host of others. Business grouped under medium scale
according to fasusa are soap production, commercial poultry profession
appractes (law, accountancy, education) food and beverage production among others.
Consequently, both the federal and state
government and recently local government, have stepped up efforts to promote
the development of small scale enterprises through increased incentive scheme
including enhanced budgetary allocations for technical assistance programmes
New lending schemes and credits institutions for technical assistance
programmes New Lending Scheme and credit institutions such as the National
Economic Reconstruction Found (NERFOUND), World Bank assisted small and medium
enterprises loan scheme (SMES), Nigeria Export and Import Bank (NEXIM), the
People’s Bank of Nigeria (PBN) and the Community Bank have also emerged at both
the national and local levels to boost the flow of development finance of small
scale enterprises which have so far depended largely on personal funds and
credit from informal sources for both their investments and working capital.
Unfortunately, all these formal credit scheme have
not been able to adequately redress the fundamental problems which have
constrained small scale enterprises access to credit. The low credit rating of
this class of enterprises is attributable largely to their weak capital base
high mortality rate, low productivity and shortage of managerial skills.
Indeed, the problems of weak capital base and poor access to finance appear to
have developed into some vicious circle, leading to slow growth stagnation and
even rapid demise of the small scale enterprises. The impact of all existing
credit scheme interms of providing for meaningful and sustained development
among the small scale enterprises had medium enterprises to serve the expected
role of catalyst for rapid industrial development there is need for a more
innovative strategy for improved access to development finance for the small
and medium enterprises that would address their inability to provide collateral
securities for loans formal credit institutions.
BRIEF HISTORY
OF NNEWI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
Nnewi
is the second largest city in Anambra State in south eastern Nigeria. Nnewi as a
metropolitan city encompasses two local government areas Nnewi North and Nnewi
South. Nnewi North is commonly referred to as Nnewi Central and Comprises four
autonomous quarters, Otolo, Uruagu, Umudiro and Nnewi-Ichi. Nnewi North also
include Ichi an autonomous neighbouring town.
As of
2006, Nnewi has an estimated population of 391,227 according to the Nigerian
Census. The City Spans over, 1,076.9 square miles (2,789 km²) in Anambra State.
Nnewi metropolitan area and its satellite town is a home to nearly 2.5 million
residents. As of figures as the largest Inland town of all other in the Eastern
State.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Small
and medium enterprises are mostly managed by owners and relations. The
financing in most cases in normally provided by the owners. The owners fail to
realize the importance of external source of capital in order affect expansion
in the business. In most cases, by the owner member of the family and friends
in most cases. In another development small and medium enterprises experience
difficulties in raising equity capital from the finance houses or individuals.
Even
when the finance house agrees to provide equity capital, the conditions are
always dreadful. All the result to inadequate capital available to the sector
and thus lead to poor financing, this leads to poor financing. This is the have
of most collage industries in Nigeria. About 80% of small and medium
enterprises are stifled because of this problem of poor financing and other
problems associated with it (Chukwuemeka, 2006). The problems that emanated
from poor financing include:
a. Lack of competent management which is the
consequence of inability of owners to employ the services of experts.
b. Use of obsolete equipment and methods of
production because of owner’s inability to access new technology.
c.
Excessive
competition which resulted from sales which is a consequence of poor finance to
cope with increased competitors in the industry. In view of the above, the
researcher decided to investigate poor financing to the organization.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
specific purposes of the study are: -
1.
To determine
factors influencing small and medium enterprise in Nigeria.
2.
To determining
the extent finance house strict conditions have affected the development of small
and medium enterprise in Nigeria.
3.
To assess the
extent poor financing has affected small and medium business operations in
Nigeria.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
1.
This study
will help small and medium enterprises to access and appraise their role in
solving the problems of unemployment in Nigeria.
2.
It will
equally serve as a guideline to researchers who may wish to decide with this
study in the future.
3.
It will also
help small and medium enterprise to make sufficient preparation in their
request for the credit assistance.
4.
It will guide
the entrepreneurs in making credit demands that are compliance with government
monetary policy.
5.
The last but
not the least it will help the entrepreneurs to displayed competence in
preparing justification for their project. It is rear to see most of them
coming up with cash projections, projected balance sheets.
1.5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What extent
does the Nnewi North L.G.A affect the operation of small and medium enterprise?
2.
What are the
factors responsible for phenomenal growth of small and medium enterprise in
Nnewi North?
3.
What are the
feelings of the customers on small and medium enterprise in Nnewi North?
4.
What are the
problems of setting up small and medium enterprise?
5.
What are the
problems of managing small and medium enterprise in study area?
6.
What are the
future prospects of small and medium enterprise?
1.6
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The
study focuses on the problems and prospects of small and medium enterprises in
Nigeria using Nnewi North as a case study.
The study
intends specifically to investigate the problems and prospects of small and
medium enterprises in Nigeria the strategies adopted by them to survive.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
MANAGEMENT: Is the act of getting people together to
accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently
and effectively, management comprises, planning organizing, staffing, leading
or directing and controlling.
ORGANIZATION: Is a group of one or more people or entities or
effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
RESOURCING: Encompasses the development and manipulation of
human resources, financial resources technological resources and natural
resources.
EXPORT: This term export is derived from the conceptual
meaning as to ship the goods and services out of the port of a country.
The
seller of such goods and services is referred to as an “exporter” who is based
in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an
“importer”. IN international trade “exports” refers to selling goods and
services produced in the home country to other markets.
ECONOMIC
GROWTH: It means designed
to give a project in the science of products distribution and consumption of
goods condition of a country as to material prosperity.
SMALL SCALE
INDUSTRY: Any industry with
capital not exceeding N750,000 including capital but exchanging cost of
land.
SOLE
PROPRIETORSHIP: Is a business owned
and conducted by one person presumably assisted by one or more persons for
intakes wife and children.
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