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ACADEMIC
PRACTICES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
This project
examined Academic Practices of Public and Private Senior Secondary School
Students in Lagos State Education District V. The objectives of this study were
to: investigate the academic practices of both public and private senior
secondary schools as it affects students’ academic performance. Also, to
evaluate the sign relationship between school management and best academic
practices.
Based on
these objectives, data were sourced from both primary and secondary methods.
The primary source involved questionnaire and interview methods; while the
secondary sources took on relevant documents, articles in journals, text books
and relevant publication, as well as computer search through the Internet. Out
of the one hundred (100) questionnaires distributed, eight (8) of them were
either not completely or correctly filled, bringing the total to ninety-two
(92). With the aid of chi-square statistical method, the findings showed that:
Academic practices have significant effect on students’ academic performance.
Also, there is significant relationship between school management and best
academic practices. That, there is significant difference between academic
practice in public and private schools.
This work
recommended that for best academic practices to be practiced in this school,
government officials/supervisors should be sent to secondary schools in other
to checkmate the activities of these schools and eradicate the problem of
created by schools that engage low standard practice of academics in their
schools.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Education is
the instrument a society uses to equip its people to live productive public and
full personal lives according to their talent and interest. The educational
system must be such that gifted individuals have full opportunity to develop
their skills; it must give scope for the training of a leader and at the same
time provide for the development of all the vocational abilities needed for the
creation of a progressive and democratic society.
The quality
of education that is imparted to the youth and the precedence given to
education largely contributes to attitude formation of the youths. So whatever
kind of seed sown in the classroom; the manner in which it is nurtured and the
strength which it imbibes in its various stages of growth will all determine
the harvest that the nation will reap in the form of its educated youth coming
out of the schools, colleges and universities. The imprints of these institutions
of learning will become indelible marks clearly visible in all fields of the
national life; be it a clerk in an office, a soldier in the battle field, a
school master in a village school, a University Professor, a bureaucrat running
the administration in a seat of power. This great impact of education on the
national character is understandable once it is recognised, both the short term
as well as long term power education wields over all who go through its
process. Historical evidence proves that nations were made or unmade, battles
lost and won, revolution wrought, so much so that entire empires collapsed or
emerged due to the educational systems of various peoples of the World. Ancient
Greece and Rome at the peak of their political glory were also the seats of
learning and a source of intellectual guidance and inspiration for the entire
known world, but when intellectual decadence struck, it attacked the very
fabric of society and Greece and Rome were no more (Smith, 2007).
Rapid
expansion of the Nigerian educational system at all levels; compounded by rapid
policy changes and the shrinking economy have constituted constraints to
educational practice and development in the country. The economic recession
that has extended to social services including education. Hence, a series of
disparities now exist in the educational system. Such disparities include
disparity between urban and rural schools, between schools owned and controlled
by the Federal Government and those owned and controlled by the States and
private agencies, gaps between male and female enrolments and between admission
figures and available teaching resources (Federal Government of Nigeria, 1996).
Lawal
(2003), therefore posited that after two decades of operating the National
Policy on Education, ‘the educational system in Nigeria can only be said to be
in crisis’. He added that unlike other developing nations like Ghana and South
Africa, Nigeria is experiencing a downturn in the education sector as a result
of leadership problems in the Nigerian government in providing adequate
measures, policy and funding of the education sector over the years.
However,
these factors have militated against the efficient best academic practices over
the years. There is therefore urgent need for government intervention in the
practice of education in Lagos State both in the public and private schools.
Nevertheless, the attention of government and major stakeholders in the
educational sector is drawn to the relevance of quality education/academic
practice which is a core in breeding an elite society of genius for successful
growth and development of any economy, most especially developing countries
such as Nigeria. Also, it is bedrock for successful academic achievement and
high student performance.
1.2
Statement of Problem
In recent
times there has been increase inefficiency in the academic practices of both
private and public schools. The problem has however created a loophole in the
educational sector especially in Lagos State, recent studies has shown that the
basic input for best academic practices are lacking in Lagos State, this may
include improper funding of the education sector due to resource allocation to
the education sector which resulted in the lack of infrastructural facilities
in schools and the record has been a major bottleneck, and a hindrance to
conducive learning environment. Furthermore, inefficiency and ineffectiveness
in school organisation and management, unavailability of school instructional
materials, examination malpractices has been plaguing the quality of academic
practice in Lagos State. All these and many more are consequential factors
militating against successful/quality academic practice in Lagos State,
especially in Education District V.
1.3 Purpose
of the Study
As a result
of the highlighted problems above on the academic practice of public and
private secondary schools in Lagos State with reference to Education District
V, there is a need to tackle these problems by stating in clear terms the
purpose of this study, which would therefore be to analyze the various academic
practices engaged by both public and private secondary schools in Education
District V of Lagos State. The research work also seeks to: Investigate the
academic practices of both public and private senior secondary schools as it
affects students’ academic performance. Evaluate the significant relationship
between school management and best academic practices.
Determine
the significant difference between academic practices of public and private
secondary schools.
1.4 Research
Questions
The
following research questions were formulated for this study in order to guide
the research:
i. Does academic practice of
schools have any significant effect on student’s academic performance?
ii. Is there any significant
relationship between school management and best academic practices?
iii. What are the significant
differences between academic practice in public and private secondary schools.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
The
following research hypotheses were formulated for the purpose of this study
H02 Academic practices have no significant
effect on students’ academic performance.
H02 There is no significant difference
between management and best academic practices There is no significant
difference between academic practice in public and private schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
It is hoped
that the findings of this study will help students; school administrators and
educational stakeholder in the country have an understanding of the lapses in
the academic practices of senior secondary schools in Lagos State, especially
in Education District V.
The study
will go a long way in bringing to bear the relevance of best practices in the
educational system in ensuring high performance of students considering the
provisions of conducive learning environment.
Furthermore,
this study will serve as in-depth material for school administrators and
education stakeholders in the provision of all necessary factors that would
create an enabling environment in the proper conduct and practice of academics.
1.7 Scope of the Study
The study
will amongst others cover study on the academic practices of public and private
senior secondary schools in Lagos State Education District V in which ten (10)
schools that is five (5) public and five (5) private) were selected at random
from Education District V in (Zone 1, 2, 3 and 4).
1.8 Limitation of Study
The
limitation of this research work will be dearth of related literature in the
field of the subject matter, finances and time constraint. Secrecy and
confidentiality is another limiting factor, this is a situation where those
interviewed are unwilling to release information they considered highly
confidential which will be of great assistance to the research work.
1.9 Definition of Operational Terms
Academic
Practices: This describes the quality or standard of education in a school.
Infrastructural
Facilities: These are the available social amenities in within the school which
includes amongst others school building, library, school lab, sporting
facilities etc. Examination malpractice: is defined as a deliberate wrong doing
contrary to official examination rules designed to place a candidate at an
unfair advantage or disadvantage. Efficiency: in general describes the extent
to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose.
Effectiveness:
means the capability of producing an effect, and is most frequently used in
connection with the degree to which something is capable of producing a
specific, desired effect Private School: these are schools owned, managed and
financed by individuals.
Public
School: These are schools owned, managed, controlled and financed by the
government.
Stakeholders:
These stakeholders in education designs on the outcome of schooling and the
purposes of learning. The major stakeholders in education are parents,
teachers, students and government.
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