THE IMPACT ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITIES AND TEACHER’S ATTITUDE ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING RATE AND PERFORMANCE
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THE IMPACT
ANALYSIS OF INSTRUCTIONAL FACILITIES AND TEACHER’S ATTITUDE ON STUDENTS’
LEARNING RATE AND PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Learning is
a lifetime process. Continues learning equips one as a student with a larger
mastery of knowledge, a broader understanding of facts, a larger repository of
wisdom, and a better insight on life that will make better individual
responsible and upright human beings. On process of learning, students or
learner is the center of education. Studying their different aspects of a student
and their ways on attaining such goals will be of great impotance. As such, the
extent of student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a
student earns for a period of learning. It is believed that a grade is a
primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is
concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate
lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are
also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be
definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been interplay of so many
factors – gender, daily allowance, social status, time and interest. (Ijaduola,
2007).
The economic
value of education started to generate greater analytical attention, When it
becomes clear that a substantial part of economic progress made especially in
the early 19th century by the industrialized nations and very recently by the
Asian tigers could be attributed to the development of their educational
system. (Akande, 2012).
The value of
teachers in preparing human 'being for a useful living is very high and as
contained in the national policy on
education (1977) reviewed in 1981 that teachers help to equip" students to
live effectively in a modem age of science and technology. This has made the
growing complexity (in terms of enrolment explosion, resource mobilization and
organization) of educational institution, and the increased societal demands
for more result oriented schools have made the duties of the staff in the
schools to be more critical in organizational behaviour.(Akinlaye, 2009)
Instructional
facilities are facilities which assist teachers to make their lessons explicit
to learners. They are also used to transmit information, ideas and notes to
learners (Ijaduola 2007). Instructional materials include both visuals and
audiovisuals such as pictures, flashcards, posters, charts, tape recorder,
radio, video, television, computers among others. These materials serve as
supplement to the normal processes of instruction.
Economics is
an important subject that must be credited by students before gaining admission
into any tertiary institution especially the university to study relevant
courses like Accountancy, Business Administration, Insurance, etc. The
importance and technicality of this subject makes it necessary that relevant
instructional materials should be used to teach it to the learners. This fact
is supported by Macaulay (2009) who asserts that visual aids make lesson come
alive and help students to learn better. He further states that an ample
provision of visual and general teaching materials is an evidence of teachers’
preparedness for the lesson. Ehizojie (2009) also summarises the importance of
instructional materials as one of the ways of relaxing in the classroom
atmosphere, motivating the students and teaching a subject creatively and
interactively.
Obviously,
teachers attitudes have been shown to have important influence on student's
academic achievement and they also play a crucial role in educational
attainment because teachers are
ultimately responsible for translating policies into actions and principle
based on the practice during interaction with the students (AFE 2001).
The word
attitude, which is a manner form of approach, or outlook which must be
satisfied. All attitude are directed towards goals and the needs and desire
affect or change our behaviour which is goal oriented. Effective job
performance results from the interplay of three types of resource, namely
physical, financial and human.
Teachers
attitudes determines what he "can" do and his motives what he
"will" do. The ability can be measured and depends upon background,
skills and training. Many factors have contributed to the falling standard of
education; some of these factors are shortage of funds into the educational
sector, lack of qualified teachers, inadequate educational facilities such as
adequate highly ventilated classrooms, well equipped library, and adequate
laboratory materials just to mention a few. (Mutebi, and Matovv, 2004)
All these
factors have contributed to non-challant attitude 'towards this study attempts
to examine the extent to which the utilization of instructional facilitiescould
advance teacher's attitudes on students’ learning rate and performance in Lagos
state schools.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The act of
teaching is fundamentally concerned with passing ideas, skills and attitude
from the teacher to the learner. In Lagos state, for example experience has
shown that spoken words alone in the communication of ideas are grossly
ineffective and inefficient in producing desired learning outcomes. Every year,
when the results of public examination are released, there has always been mass
failure in Economics. The reason for this could be ascribed to the fact that
there are topics in Economics that pose serious problem of comprehension to
students. These topics cannot be taught effectively without the use of relevant
instructional facilities to make the learning practical. On the foregoing,
scholars like Brunner, 2011 have emphasized the effect of instructional
facilities utilisation on teacher’s attitude and learning. According to them,
we learn and remember 10% of what we hear, 40% of what we discuss with others
and as high as 80% of what we experience directly or practice. However, the
questions here are: does the use of instructional facilitiesreally influence
students’ academic performance? Is teacher’s attitude toward teaching effectiveness
enhanced by the use of instructional facilities?
Could
students’ learning be advanced by the use of instructional facilities? Finding
answers to these questions and more summarizes the entire problem of this
study.
1.3 PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study includes:
i. To examine the influence of
instructional facilities and teacher’s attitude on the teaching in Lagos state
Schools
ii. To ascertain the extent to which
Secondary School student’s learning can be influenced by the use of
instructional facilities
iii. To determine whether there will be
any difference in the academic performance of students due to the use of
instructional facilities.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
In order to
achieve the objectives of this study, the following research questions were
raised to guide the investigation:
i. Will the use of instructional
facilities influence the teacher’s attitude onteaching in Lagos Stage schools?
ii. To what extent can secondary school
students’ learning be influenced by the use of instructional facilities?
iii. Will there be any difference in the
academic performance of students due to the use of instructional facilities?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The
following null hypotheses were stated for the study.
i. The use of instructional
facilities will not have significant influence on theteacher’s attitudes on
teaching in Lagos state schools.
ii. The use of instructional facilities
will not have significant influence on secondary school students’ learning.
iii. There will be no significant
difference in the performance of students due to the use of instructional
facilities.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The use of
instructional facilities gives the teacher and learner opportunity to touch,
smell or taste objects in the teaching and learning process. Consequently,
knowledge passed unto the students at different levels of educational
instructions should be well planned and properly allied with relevant
instructional facilities for clarity and comprehensibility. Hence the
significance of this study to the Teacher’s attitude, students, curriculum
planners, educational system and the society at large.
To the
students, the effective use of instructional facilities would enable them to
effectively learn and retain what they have learnt and thereby advancing their
performance in the subject in question. This is because according to Nwadinigwe
(2002), learning is a process through which knowledge, skills, habits, facts,
ideas and principles are acquired, retained and utilized; and the only means of
achieving this is through the use of instructional materials.
The study
would help enhance teachers’ teaching effectiveness and productivity. This is
in line with assertion of Ekwueme and Igwe (2001) who noted that it is only the
teachers who will guarantee effective and adequate usage of instructional
materials and thereby facilitate success. Consequently a teacher who makes use
of appropriate instructional materials to supplement his teaching will help
enhance students’ innovative and creative thinking as well as help them become
plausibly spontaneous and enthusiastic. Oremeji (2002) supportively asserts
that any teacher who takes advantage of these resources and learns to use them
correctly will find that they make almost an incalculable contribution to
instruction. He further says that instructional materials are of high value in
importing information, clarifying difficult and abstract concepts, stimulating
thought, sharpening observation, creating interest and satisfying individual
difference.
The study is
also significant to the educational system and society at large. This is
because when teachers solidify their teaching with instructional materials and
the learners learn effectively, the knowledge acquired will reflect in the
society positively. Students will be able to understand the functioning of the
economy, interpret government’s economic policies and activity and perform
economically better in the choice of life and work.
1.7 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This
research work shall be dependent on the pieces of information supplied by the
teachers within the chosen samples of the target population. Also, there shall
be limitations on the part of instruments used for data collection, all the
sampled schools are located in Ifako-Ijaiye Education District, the result of
the study is not expected to differ from studies that may be conducted in other
parts of Lagos State.
1.8 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of
this study is limited to Ifako-Ijaiye schools management committee area of
Lagos State, it is however suggested that further researches could be extended
to other schools management committees in Lagos.
This study
is focused on the impact analysis of instructional facilities and teacher’s
attitude on students’ learning rate and performance in Lagos State Schools. Due
to time and financial constraints, the study is limited to Kosofe Local
Government Area of Lagos. This is because the researcher resides in this local
government area and as such had the opportunity of having a comprehensive
knowledge of the area and its environs.
1.9
DEFINITION OF TERM
ATTITUDE:
Wikipedia free encyclopedia provides that “An attitude is a hypothetical
construct that represents an individual’s degree of like or dislike for an
item”.
ATTITUDE
FORMATION: Unlike ‘personality’, attitudes are expected to change as a function
of experience.
EMOTION:
Emotion is a common component in persuasion, social influence and attitude
change.
ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE: it is defined as the display of knowledge attained or skills
developed in school subjects designated by test and examination scores or marks
assigned by the subject teachers.
INSTRUCTIONAL
PLANNING: it is the process by which teachers decide how best to select and
organize a learning experience to maximize both teacher and student achievement
and satisfaction.
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIALS: these are kind of tools or equipment which can help effectively the
instructor in theory teaching, classroom or in practical assessment
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