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THE IMPACT
OF CHILD ABUSE ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The research
work aim to look at the impact of child abuse on the academic performance of
junior student in some selected school in Oshodi –Isolo Local Government Area
of Lagos State. The research raised pertinent question on the issue of child
abuse and provide relevant answers based on data collected from respondents.
A structural
questionnaire was used to obtained data from the respondents in the selected
schools. The research shows that there is a relationship between child abuse
and students academic performance, as well as rate of school dropout and cases
of children involving in juvenile delinquencies.
The research
concluded by opined that child abuse goes along way in affecting children
emotional state thereby recommending the need for parents and guardians to pay
close attention to their children in order to detect and understand factors
that could affect their academic progress.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.7BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The issue of
child abuse is a global phenomena especially within the context of developing
countries of which Nigeria belong. In Nigeria cases of child abuse is as common
as the air we breathe in, this is in view of the fact that, there can hardly be
a day without news report about child abuse. Many of these cases of child abuse
went unreported. Thus one can say with conviction that an average Nigerian
child is a potential victim of child abuse. The question arising from the
foregoing is what is the impact of child abuse on children development and
growth in life especially with regards to academic performance in schools?
Shonk and
Cichetti (2001) postulated that childhood maltreatment, and aversive parenting
practices, in general have the potential to delay the academic progress of
student. The argument from the view above is that, there is a correlation
between parenting practices, childhood maltreatment and academic progress. The
argument that, child abuse is a global phenomenon cannot be disputed beyond
reasonable doubt.
Consider the
following; in United State, childhood maltreatment potentially has major
economic implications for United State schools and for their student (Flisher,
2007). Even conservative estimates suggested that, at least 8% of United State
children experience sexual abuse before age 18, while 17% experience physical
neglect (Kramer at al., 2007).
Although,
its potential impact is large, evidence of causal effects of maltreatment on
children longer term outcome in school is generally lacking. the current state
of evidence for a linkage between childhood maltreatment physical and sexual
abuse or neglect and school performance is limited to negative associations
between maltreatment and school performance (Eric,2008).On average children who
are maltreated receive lower ratings of performance from their teachers, score
lower on cognitive assessments and standardized tests of academic achievement,
obtain lower grade and get suspended from school and remain in grade more
frequently (Erickson et al., 2008).
The
association between maltreatment and poor performance in school has been
explained by some as a second order effect stemming from the impact of
maltreatment on children’s social cognitive and emotional development. Kendall
(2011) opined that, childhood abuse and neglect is associated with a host of
negative academic outcomes, including; lower test score and GPA. One survey
conducted by Nwachukwu (2010) in Anambra state Nigeria also found that, child
abuse victims have a higher chance of psychiatric morbidity; more self
injurious behaviors, poorer perceive parental support and more likely to have
problems with substance abuse and above all poor academic performance. Despite
these findings child abuse still remained a hidden subject in Nigeria because
most people who witness it simply ignore it.
It is
against these backdrop of the facts presented above that, this research work
tend to look vividly into the real impact of child abuse on the academic
performance of junior school students in some selected schools in Oshodi-Isolo
Local Government Area of Lagos State.
Although
research work on child abuse is accumulating in Nigeria, taking the research to
the lowest background in secondary is not common, as most of the researches
adopt a holistic approach to the study. The present study aimed to measure the
impact of child abuse on the academic performance of junior secondary school,
identifying the significant predictors of the abuse which could provide
important information for planning future preventive measures.
1.8STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
That a child
needs academic knowledge to succeed in life is a fact that is unquestionable.
Knowledge, especially academic knowledge liberate people from the shackles of
illiteracy and make one a better citizen in the society. As human we continue
to acquire knowledge right from childhood till we die. It is a fact that human
give birth to baby with empty brain i.e. no form of knowledge in the brain
during child birth which is what the psychologist called Tabla Rasa. So as we
grow in life we continue to acquire knowledge right from childhood, this happen
to be a period in life where the human brain is much active to receive
knowledge.
From the
psychological and sociological points of view learning goes hand in hand with
some social, economic as well as en environmental factors. The argument is
that, there are some factors that aid learning and as well as others that
distorts learning. For example Hoffman (2013) found that bullied and abused
children perform worst in school compared with their non abused peers. The view
point from the above is that, children that are subject to abuse and bullied
find it hard to perform better in school.
Child abuse
affect children learning capability and therefore has the potential to decline their
interest in education thus becoming a school dropout or truant. Therefore they
may likely become a nuisance in the society during their youthful life that
they are supposed to harness purposefully for the overall benefit of themselves
and the society at large.
1.9PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The main
purpose of this study is to examine the impact of child abuse on the academic
performance of junior secondary school students.
Other
specific objectives are;
1. To investigate whether child abuse can make
junior secondary schools to engage in juvenile delinquency.
2. To determine whether child abuse can make
student to loose interest in education.
1.10SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study
will go along way in checking the factors responsible to why some children
perform woeful in school despite having the potential to excel. It will also
help to expose the effect of child abuse on children social, physical and
emotional development with a view to finding a lasting solution.
The study
will also help parents and guardians to know the effect of their action on
their children.
The study
will also attempt to proffer solutions to child abuse in Nigeria. And above
all, it will contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of education.
1.11SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The study
will try to cover the issue of child abuse with respect to academic
performance. The research work will thereby limit its scope to the academic
performance vis avis child abuse of students in some selected schools in
Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area of Lagos state.
1.12LIMITATION
OF THE STUDY
Understanding
that, a research work is a project that requires commitment of time, money and
energy both intellectual and physical. Balancing research work with academic
going to meet respondents for questionnaires responses is a herculean task that
takes time and intellectual stamina. All this limit the extent to which the
researcher can go during the course of the research.
The level of
accuracy of data in this study is proportional to the availability of
information that respondents are willing to give. There is this uncertainty
that this information given is without bias. All the above stated point serves
as the limitation to the study.
1.7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The
questions arising in this research study are;
1. Can child abuse have negative impact on
the academic performance of students?
2. Can child abuse lead to students engaging
in juvenile delinquency?
3. Is there a relationship between child
abuse and student interest in education?
1.8
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
During the
course of the study the hypotheses to be tested are;
Ho: Child abuse does not have a negative
impact on students’ academic performance.
H1: Child abuse have negative impact on
student’s academic performance.
Ho: Child abuse does not have the potential to
lead students into engaging in juvenile delinquency.
H1: Child abuses have the potential of leading
students into engaging in juvenile delinquency.
Ho: There is no relationship between child abuse
and students interest in education.
H1: There is a relationship between child abuse
and students interest in education.
1.9 DEFINATION OF TERMS
1. Child Abuse; The crime of harming a child
physically, sexually or emotionally or spiritually.
2. Sexual Abuse; The crime of having an
unauthorized sex with someone especially children.
3. Tabla Rasa; The period after child birth
when a child brain is empty without any form of knowledge present.
4. Juvenile; This refer to children that are
not yet adult.
5. Delinquency; Bad crime committed by young
children.
6. Emotional Abuse; This have to do with
distorting the thinking faculty as well feeling of someone in a bad way.
7. Physical Abuse; This is damaging the body
of someone as a result of attack with strong objects.
8. Social Abuse; This when someone ability
to form good and lasting relationship with people is being curtail.
9. Economic Abuse; This is when someone
ability to care for his needs is being curtail.
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