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THE
PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT
ABSTRACT
The purpose
of this study was to investigate the prevalence of drug abuse among secondary
school students in Ojo Local Government Areas, Lagos State
A total of
five hundred (500) hundred respondents were selected from five schools for the
study. The research designed used was descriptive design and structured
questionnaire was used to collect data which was analyzed using descriptive
statistics of inferential statistics of chi-square at 0.05 level of
significance.
Findings
showed that peer influence, lack of knowledge, environment and family
background influences the rate of drug abuse among students in Ojo Local
Government Area of Lagos State.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background
To The Study
Since the
earliest times, herbs, leaves, plant have been used to relief pain and control
diseases. It seems that for every ailment or discomfort there is the
proper pills or portion which may be
easily obtained. Analgesic, antibiotics, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and
caffeine (contained in drinks such as
coffee, tea and cocoa), Nicotine (contained in substance such as cigarettes,
cigar and pipe tobacco) alcohol
(contained in drink such as spirits beer and wine) are but a few of the
familiar drugs which are commonly used in our society.
Drug are
like finger of God. They can heal and smite (Pawentt and Fapka, 1999). Every
drug has its own benefits when it is used properly and they also produce side
effects when it is not administered properly. The use of drugs does not
constitute an evil and drugs properly administered have been a medical blessing
(Gilman 2000). A research carried out in 2004 by Harvard university shows the
drug (marijuana) has been found to alleviate the nausea caused by chemo-therapy
and it evidently helps AIDs suffers to overcome loss of appetite. Unfortunately
certain drugs also initially produce enticing side effects such as feeling of
euphoric, senses of feeling good which result to drug dependence and abuse
(Gilman ad Goodman, 2000).
Moronkola
(1999) Citing Burns (1999) reported that drugs abuse is a world wide public
health, economic and socio-political problems today. It is not a problem for
anyone, country and it permeates all cultures, continents, classes and status.
Adebisi (2001) summed it up that it knows no boundaries or social class, sex or
age, and is increasingly affecting young people.
Flach (2002)
reported that there had been an alarming growth in the abuse of drug. Drug
abuse is a major health problem in the world. He further stated that what is
new and startling is the extent to which the drug abuse problem had invaded
some families and schools especially higher institution and had taken as its
victims teenage and pre-teen children.
Although,
the incidence of drug abuse among Nigerians youth has been observed since
1950’s. It was not until the 1970’s that there was really a great upsurge in
the incidence of drug abuse (Aileru 1999). With the oil boom in the mid 1970s
there was a change in the life style of Nigeria youths. This period coincided
with occurrence of new drugs like heroine and cocaine in Britain and America.
At this time, it became the fashion for parent to send their children on summer
holidays and it was at this time that Nigeria started witnessing an increase in
strikes and students demonstration (Ebie and Pela, 1999). The problems of drugs
abuse is so grave that it has extended beyond the usual characteristics
profile of abusers being male, audit and
urban based to now include female
youngsters and people of different status. (Ebie and Pela, 1999)
Contemporary
society has experience an over increasing number of problems factors that have
a bearing drug-taking behaviour. Peer influence is extremely important in the
development of the drug habit, particularly during the teenage and college
years, young people often try to use drug if its accepted and admired within their
social group (Pemede 2002).
The need to
become competent in some social, intellectual and physical skills and the need
for power over their own destiny through wealth, achievement and / or respect
from others also contributes to drugs abuse. Although, there are many
contributing factors leading to the great upsurge of drug abuse in the world
but researchers has shown that drug abuse is more common and prevalent among
youths.
Purpose Of
The Study
The purpose
of this study includes:
1. To investigate if peer influence will
contribute to the prevalence of drugs
abuse among secondary school students.
2. To examine if lack of knowledge will
contribute to the prevalence of drugs abuse among secondary school students.
3. To determine if family background
will influence the prevalence of drugs abuse among secondary school students
4. To investigate if environment will contribute
to the prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students
5. To examine if availability of money will contribute
to the prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school student.
Statement Of
The Problem
Adolescence
is a time of experimentation and risk taking and the initiation of substance or
drugs use often begins during this period. The consequences of drugs use often
begins during this period. The habit not only affect health, education and
occasional career, but also incurs a huge financial and social burden to the
society. Drug use among secondary school students is commonly associated with
unsafe sexual behaviour, school and social misbehaviour, poor academic
performance and may eventually lead to the contribution of drug use in
adulthood (Pemede 2002).
Drug abuse
has gone a long way to create several health problems and dangers. In our
societies. Such health problems include mental illness, cancer of the lungs,
school dropouts, juvenile delinquency and also delirious behaviour (Bozarth,
2001).
The alarming
rate of school drop-out in our society today whereby drug abuse is a major
predisposing factor become a concern. No wonder conclusion has been drawn to
the fact that the factors leading to the victims exposure are quite common this
includes the consumption of dangerous drugs during cultural and other festivities at schools or
during sports or athletic completions among students, as these students exposed
themselves to practicing drug abuse.
Student
consumption of drugs during examination for the purpose of alertness is also
very common. Also these adolescent periods are the periods of chasing the
opposite sex which most of them cannot ordinarily do without the use of some
drugs and during social gathering. The timid types purposely take some drugs to
enable them become bold.
The abuse of
these drugs which leads to addiction among these secondary school students
gradually progresses to cause a hast of evil happenings in our society such as
incessant occurrence of road traffic accidents as a result of effects of these
substance. Infact some students breakdown during examinations leading to
failure and eventual drop-out, some become rude and arrogant to teachers and
parents and occasionally causing riots and chaos in their schools while some grow-up
to become criminal in the society landing them in prison yards.
All these
are the imminent problems that necessitated this study
Research
Question
1. Will peer influence contribution to the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students
2. Will lack of knowledge contribute to
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students
3. Will family background influence the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students
4. Will environment contribute to the prevalence
of drug abuse among secondary school students
5. Will availability of money contribute to the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students
Research
Hypotheses
1. Peer influence will not contribute to the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students.
2. Lack of knowledge will not contribute to the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students.
3. Family background will not influence the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students.
4. Environment will not contribute to the
prevalence of drug abuse among secondary
school students.
5. Availability of money will not contribute to
the prevalence of drug abuse among secondary school students.
Significance
Of The Study
The major
aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of drugs abuse among secondary
school student in Ojo local government
area. This study will help to
highlight possible causes or factors responsible for drug abuse, and will also
highlight the drugs that are commonly abused as well as given the effects of
drugs on human health. The study will also
assist parent and readers of the work to watch out for the various
symptom of drug abuse among their children, colleagues and friends.
The
importance of this study is that, students will be able to know how drugs are
abused and when not to abuse drug and other health implication of drug abuse
among the students. This research work will help the government to contribute
their own quota and be able to know how to intervene on how to curb the menace
of drug abuse.
The study
will also contributes to other existing literature and help other researchers
to dwell into other areas that this study couldn’t touch.
Delimitation
Of The Study
The study
was delimited to the following:
1. Five selected secondary schools in Ojo
local government area, Lagos State.
2. Five hundred (500) male and female
bonafide secondary school students in Ojo
local government area, Lagos State.
3. The use of self developed questionnaire
as an instrument for data collections
4. The use of inferential statistic of
chi-square for data analysis.
Limitation
Of The Study
The
following are limitations envisaged in this study.
1. The reluctant of respondents in taking part
in the study
2. Response bias from the respondents, which may
affect the validity of the study.
Definition of Terms
Drug: Drug is any chemical substance used in
medicine in the treatment of disease either alone or in a mixture and is
capable of changing the state or functions of cells, organ and organisms.
Drug
abuse: Drug abuse refers to the use
of drugs by self administration in a manner that deviates from the approved
medical pattern or within a given culture.
Drug
mis-use: Drug mis-use refers to illegal use of drug for purpose which it was
not made for or using a drug in excessive quantities.
Health: Health is the state of well-being
of individuals after going though a day’s task.
Peer: Peer is a person who is the
same age or who has the same social status in his/her groups.
Prevalence: Prevalence refers to the abuse of drugs that exists or very common among
secondary school students.
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