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AN
EVALUATION OF THE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS TEACHING AND LEARNING OF HEALTH
EDUCATION
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the attitude of students towards the teaching and learning of health
education in selected Junior Secondary Schools in Mainland Local Government
Area of Lagos State.
The
descriptive survey design was used in this study. 120 participants selected
through random sampling technique from five Junior Secondary Schools comprised
the sample for the study. The descriptive statistics or frequency counts and
percentages provided answers to research questions while the chi-square (X2)
statistics was used for hypotheses testing. The results revealed that: Attitude of the students influenced teaching
and learning of Health Education (X2cal = 38.04 < X2tab 15.21, df = 8, P
> 0.05). Also that attitude of teachers influenced Health Education (X2cal =
43.3 < X2tab 66.9, df = 9, P > 0.05). While motivation influenced
students behaviour towards Health Education (X2cal = 16 < X2tab 14.07, df =
7, P > 0.05). Also, teachers personality influenced students’ attitude
(X2cal = 28.1 < X2tab 14.07, df = 7, P > 0.05) and teaching method
influenced students attitude towards Health Education(X2cal = 26.01 < X2tab
16.91, df = 9, P > 0.05).
It was
concluded that: the attitude of students significantly influence teaching and
learning of health education in the school. Students who participate in Health
Education often show non-challant attitude towards the subject. Teachers
significantly influence the teaching and learning of health education in Junior
Secondary Schools. Teachers show negative attitude towards teaching and
learning of Health Education which influenced the attitude of students toward
the subject. Attitude significantly influence the teaching and learning of
health education in schools. The implications of this show that attitude counts
a lot in everything human being do. Teachers do not motivate the students in
order to develop their interest in learning Health Education. For instance many
teachers do not use teaching materials to illustrate their teaching process and
they do not have mastery of content and this makes students to lose interest in
the subject. The knowledge of health education significantly influences the
teaching and learning of health education in the Junior Secondary Schools. This
implies that many students who learn Health Education have poor background in
the subject. Finally, it was found that the teaching method of Health Education
significantly influences the teaching and learning of health education in
schools. Based on the conclusions reached in this study, the following
recommendations were made by the researcher.
(1) Students should endeavors to have or
develop more interest and zeal on the subject, health education, as it will
enable them to learn the subject better and to perform well in it.
(2) Teachers should ensure that the
students are well motivated so that they would learn well the health education
teaching.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Health to
the layman refers to not being ill, wearing a good look being physically fit.
Indeed, health means the state or condition of an individual, which enables
him/her to perform his/her daily
activities. Oke (1996) asserted that health is the totality of the doing,
considering the individuals’ ability to perform physical exercises without
being easily fatigues, enduring long periods on tasks until solutions are
found, having a normal organic and systematic functioning and being able to
relate well with those around.
To World
Health Organisation (WHO, 1998) defined Health as “a state of complete
physical, mental, emotional and social well being, and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity”. Umoh (2000) defined health education as a process of
teaching the child the rudiments of how to protect and improve his/her health
either at school or in the home. Amaonye (1990) defined it as the importation
of knowledge on how an individual should maintain a healthy living. It may
appear as though in a number of ways, health teachings. The truth is that it
does differ in certain crucial areas.
Although
much of the content in health education is basic to complete physical, mental,
social and emotional development of the child, motivation is often difficult.
This is perhaps because the actively health child is largely uncaring about his
health. Very often, many youths and adults who did not have the opportunity of
being introduced to the essential health knowledge and favourable schools, show
a rather perverse antagonism towards established facts of rate living (Anyakogu
1994).
Kayode
(1997), the School health programme aims at protecting and improving the
child’s health. The school personnel, especially teachers are therefore
supposed to work towards the achievement of this goal. This aspiration,
mandates the teachers to understand the concept of health, which is considered
as good health for children? However Health Education or Health Instruction is
a component of School Health Programme.
Brown (1999)
claims that a sequence must be followed in planning for an instructional
session. This sequence or techniques in teaching health education in the school
is listed as follows:-
1. Define the objectives to be
attained by the student.
2. Choose appropriate methods to
ensure that students achieve learning as specified the most promising teaching
strategies or procedures must be chosen.
3. Select appropriate learning experiences
from the various available alternative.
4. Select appropriate materials,
facilities and equipment.
5. Assign roles as defined.
6. Evaluate outcomes.
Uzomah
(1998) identified many factors which affect teaching and learning of health
education. These include inadequate or relevant materials, lack of equipment,
inappropriate choice of methods, non-assignment or roles, non-definition of
defined objectives etc. Uzomah asserted that these factors hinder the teaching
and learning of health education in schools. However the ability of individuals
to teach and learn Health Education requires an attitude.
Kretch and
Kruch (1998) defined attitudes as an organization of motivational, emotional
perceptional and cognitive process with respect to some aspects of the
individuals world. In the light of this definition, Erazmus (1997) opined that
attitude could be regarded as predispositions to classify sets of objects or
events and to react to them with some sense of evaluation and with consistency.
Attitude affects all the activities of man and his environment, and the
learning of health education is not exempted in this regard.
Achuzia
(1990) observed that attitude could be negative or positive and those towards
health education do not learn the subject well and do not internalize the
rudiments of the subject, unlike students who devote much interest and zeal on the
subject or discipline. While Onyemaobi (1991) asserted that for students to
develop positive attitude interest and good orientation towards anything,
especially towards a particular subject such as health education, or other
subjects, there must be motivational drive.
Other
scholars such as Adeleke et al (1994) asserted that for students to have
interest and to develop the attitude needed for the learning and academic
achievement in Health Education, he/she has to have good orientation on the
subject(s), be well disposed for the course through readiness and having
burning desire to know and to learn or master the skills that are involved in
the course of study.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The observed
inability of young persons to practice and maintain personal hygiene for
community healthy living has raised a concern. In addition there is difficulty
in the ability of the youth to learn Health Education in Schools, resulting in
poor knowledge and skills of positive healthy choices concerning personal
health which affect other persons within the community.
This study
investigated the attitude of students towards the teaching and learning of
Health Education in Secondary school and recommend possible solutions.
1.3 Purpose of the Study
The main
purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of students towards teaching
and learning of health education in Lagos state secondary schools.
The specific
objectives of the study will include
1. To find out whether attitude of students
will influence the teaching and learning of health education.
2. To find out whether the attitude of
teachers will influence the teaching and learning of health education in Senior
Secondary Schools.
3. To examine whether motivation will
influence the attitude of students towards teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools.
4. To investigate whether teacher’s
personality will influence the attitude of students towards teaching and
learning of health education.
5. To
find out whether the teaching methods of health education will influence the
attitude of students towards the teaching and learning of health education in
schools.
1.4 Research Questions
The
following research questions were raised in this study:
1. Will the attitude of students influence
the teaching and learning of health education?
2. Will the attitude of teachers influence
the teaching and learning of health education in Senior Secondary Schools?.
3. Will the motivation of students
influence the attitude of students towards teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools?.
4. Will the teacher’s personality influence
the attitude of students towards teaching and learning of health education?
5. Will the teaching method of health
education influence the attitude of students towards the teaching and learning
of health education in schools?
1.5 Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were formulated:
1. Attitude of students will not
significantly influence the teaching and learning of health education in Senior
Secondary Schools.
2. Attitude of teachers will not
significantly influence the teaching and learning of health education in Senior
Secondary Schools.
3. Motivation will not significantly
influence the attitude of students towards teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools.
4. Teacher’s personality will not
significantly influence students; attitude towards teaching and learning of
health education in Senior Secondary Schools.
5. Teaching methods will not significantly
influence students’ attitude towards the teaching and learning of health
education in Senior Secondary Schools.
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study
will be beneficial to the following:
1. Teachers: The findings of this study
will sensitize the teachers on areas that require adjustments to promote the
teaching and learning of health education in Junior Secondary Schools. It will
expose the ideal teaching methods that would promote good health practice in
the community.
2. Students: Students would become aware of
the need for health practices in order to promote healthy living among the
young ones.
3. The School Authorities: The school
authorities and policy makers would be sensitized on the need to place health
education in the curriculum and a lot appropriate time table to health
education as a subject in the school.
4. The Society: The findings of this study
will be beneficial to the members of the larger society because it will help
them to be more aware of how teaching and learning affects students attitude,
motivation, interest and overall behaviour in learning health education.
1.7 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study
is delimited to senior secondary school students in Mainland Local Government
Area of Lagos State. This will include students of five (5) schools of Mainland
local government area of Lagos State
1.8 Limitation of the Study
The
limitations of the study were as a result of unforeseen circumstances that
could frustrate the outcomes of the study. Also the problems of the time
constraints and distance to be covered by the researcher in the course of
carrying out this study were some of the limitations. However all these
envisaged problems will be taken care of by the researcher and will not be
allowed to prevent the result of the study.
1.9 Definition of Terms
1. Health Education – Health education is a
process of teaching the child the rudiments of how best to promote, maintain an
improve his/her health either at home, at school or in the community. It is the
in calculation of how to achieve hygiene in a child.
2. Teaching – This is a process of
imparting knowledge or the transfer of knowledge from somebody who knows (the
teacher) to an individual who does not know (the students).
3. Attitude – This refers to an
organization of motivational perceptional and cognitive process with respect to some aspects of the
individual’s world. The attitude one has on something determines to a great
extent, how he/she would be involved in that thing. Attitude affects all we do
in human life.
4. Learning: This refers the situation
whereby students or any other individual masters certain skills in teaching,
either in the classroom or outside of it.
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