THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON MORAL BEHAVIOURS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
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THE
INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) ON MORAL BEHAVIOURS OF
SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
ABSTRACT
The study
examined the influence of information communication technology (ICT) on moral
behaviours of adolescents in secondary schools in Oshodi Local Government Area
of Lagos State. In this study also, relevant and extensive literature review
was carried out under some sub-headings. Three null hypotheses were formulated
and tested in this study, using the independent t-test statistical tool at 0.05
level of significance was used to analyse the data collected. The descriptive
research survey design was used in the assessment of the respondents’ opinions
using the questionnaire titled “Influence of Information Communication
Technology (ICT) on Moral Behaviour of Adolescence”, stratified random sampling
technique was used to select the sample.
Also, a total of 200(two hundred) respondents were selected and used as
the representatives of the entire population of the study. At the end of the
data analysis, the following results were obtained: There is a significant
influence of ICT on students’ moral behaviour in the school. There is a
significant gender difference in delinquent behaviour of students due to use of
ICT in school. There is a significant relationship between the use of ICT and adolescents’
social adjustment in school. Among the recommendations made the use of ICT
should be in the curriculum of the school at both the lower and upper levels of
Nigerian school system. If this is done
it will help enhance teaching and learning in the school. Students should
maximize the benefit of ICT by ensuring that they do not allow the use of ICT
either through the use of phones, the newspapers, the magazines or the internet
to sway their moral rectitude in the school or at home. It is obvious that the use of ICT via the
internet through the viewing of pornographic films, the weird videos and other
electronic media influence students behaviour generally. In the foregoing,
students should not allow themselves to be involved in immoral acts as a result
of the application of ICT.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1Background
to the Study
Nigeria as a
country, has since embraced the use of information communication technology
(ICT) in storage, process and retrieval of important information. Nigeria has
also been noted as a country that is aspiring to be recorded in the comity of
nations, as one which has adapted to the e-world, whereby ICT is the in-thing.
For instance, in Nigeria, information communication technology is applied in
the educational, political, economic and religious circles. It has so much
infiltrated Nigeria that, these days anyone who is not computer literate is
seen as not educated at all (Nwafor, 2005). The above opinion summarises the
essence and effect of ICT on the overall activities of Nigerians and Nigeria.
It is worthy
to note that, since the advent of information communication technology (ICT),
moral decadence has been on the increase (Anyanwu, 2000). This is because most
crimes in the society these days, have been connected with the use or contact
with the gadgets that associate with information technology like the phone, the
internet, the television and so on.
The term
‘information’, encompasses a wide range and variety of things ranging from oral
and printed words, figures, statements, files and documents to such intangible
elements as sounds, signals, rays and waves. Whatever the form information
takes, the essence of information is that it conveys a message. UNESCO (1979)
defined information simply as “set of data recorded in a methodical manner”,
which according to the document includes any item of knowledge capable of
facilitating the operation of a system and any numerical or alpha-numerical
quantity processed by the machine. The aggregate of information constitutes the
data and results of a problem.
According to
Ajaiyi (2004), the term ‘technology’, refers to the application of scientific
knowledge. Information technology, can be defined as the acquisition,
processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictoral, textual and numerical
information by a macro-base combination of computing and telecommunication.
Telecommunication is a special form of communication in which information is
conveyed over long distance. Information technology also refers to more
efficient way of storing, accessing and updating information than process
involving paper.
Behaviour connotes
the way in which an organism, a machine or any substance acts or works. In the
case of human beings, behaviour has two aspects, the private and the overt. The
private is known by the behaviour a person exhibits in his/her environment,
while the overt, though linked with the private, is observable by other persons
in the person’s world. Behaviour is a cooperative action between the internal
equipment of the person and the nature of the environment, which the person
undergoes. If the environmental stimulation is constituently strong enough, the
internal equipment of the organism reacts to it in a predictable pattern.
Repetitions thus lead to habits formation (Allports, 2005).
As Pitty
(2000) puts it, behaviour of a person is judged desirable or undesirable in a
social context. What is desirable in one social situation may be undesirable in
another. The desirable or undesirable is concerned with relationship between
antecedent conditions and consequent events. Antecedent conditions refer to
happenings in a person’s social environment while the consequent events refer
to the outcomes of these happenings which may be appreciated or unappreciated.
Environmental happenings take time to register their effects on the individual.
In other words, the effects of the environment are cumulative and lasting.
According to Uzor (2001), individual’s behaviour manifestation of today, may be
functionally related to events that take place in the life of that individual
prior to those manifestations.
Ekpo (2002)
observed that information received by students on the computer, television and
telephone can change or modify behaviour. The information can generate new
responses or change old ones depending on the degree of observation permitted
the socializing individual and on the type of imitation he/she can have of the
behaviours and attitudes exhibited by his models. Although the forces of
development are primarily within the individual. The environment plays a
secondary role in the process of natural enfoldment of that which nature has
enfolded within the individual in a natural environment free from corruption.
If the information is positive and conducive, individual will develop
positively and behave rationally, but if otherwise negative, the development
may be detrimental (Ajumel and Almonde, 2003).
According to
Adams (2004), the interactionist position of individuals with the type,
quantity and quality of information received explains better the concept of
individual differences in a culture or a system or organisation whose tendency
is to mould the people is the same. The training that is given to children in
order to help them meet the demands of the society in which they live is called
socialization. Information technology can be used to assist students in the
following ways: getting along with others (respecting others’ rights);
self-reliance or self-confidence; achieving educational success; achieving
material success; achieving professional success and adhering to societal value
system.
Morals are
concerned with standards of behaviour, which constitute the fundamental
principles which guide people to know what is right or what is wrong, and
correspondingly, what is good and what is bad. That is to say that morals guide
people towards the right direction and enable the society to appreciate and
preserve some fundamental virtues like love, honesty, self-control, modesty,
chastity, truthfulness, discipline and so on. At the same time, morals govern
the welfare of people and sharpen their attitudes like cheating in examinations
or corrupt practices in the society, selfishness, dishonesty, greed, theft,
robbery, fornication or adultery and so on (Adekoya, 2002).
Adekoya is
of the opinion that the use of ICT by adolescents in schools, has made some of
them to perform poorly in their examinations. According to him, what does one
expect from a student who does not read or study well due to much time given to
watching television programmes, watching or viewing pornographic films on the
internet and busy posting letters to friends on the facebook or u-tube etc. Not
only making them to achieve low or dismal academic performance, the use of ICT
has caused some adolescents to be recluses i.e. keeping to themselves in order
to have time to view bad films on the internet. This has affected their social
adjustment with their peers in the society or at home.
Uzor (2006)
believes that the use of ICT has caused male and female students to become
promiscuous due to the negative influence it has created in them. This is
because, adolescents practice what they see and hear either through the
television or the web site etc.
Due to the
advent of information communications technology, adolescents in schools these
days, use the telephones, the internets, and other forms of (ICT) to gather
information which help them to carry out their educational pursuits
effectively. Nevertheless, adolescents use of the ICT, in any case, has brought
about many ills in the society. For instance, many students tell a lot of lies
using their phones, while many of them corrupt their minds through the internet
by opening the pornographic sites and viewing the corruptive and weird
pictures. Through this medium, they become corrupt, promiscuous, dishonest and
immoral (Bello, 2008). This study attempts to find out the extent ICT affects
the morality of individuals, especially the students in our various secondary
schools.
1.2Statement
of the Problems
The essence
of this study is to examine whether the use of ICT by adolescents in school,
has affected their moral and ethical behaviours at home and in the school, and
whether the Nigeria school system and the society have faired well since the
advent of ICT or not.
There is no
gainsaying the fact that, since the advent of the telephones, internet, the
facebook or the u-tube, the society and the school have had their fair shares
of the ills associated with ICT. For instance, the advent of ICT has caused
some of the Nigerian youths in schools, to imbibe the culture of lying,
stealing electronically (i.e. the famous yahoo-yahoo) that is in vogue now,
cheat at examinations and tests. Others corrupt their minds through the viewing
of weird or pornographic pictures in the internet. These, by implication, has
led some of the Nigerian youths or adolescents in schools, to become corrupt,
promiscuous and immoral in behaviour or attitudes.
Not only
that, the use of ICT by the young ones may have made many adolescents to become
deviants, obtaining by tricks (OBT), prostitutes, bullies, disrespectful to
authority figures in the society and the school. All this come as a result of
what they hear, learn and view from the use of ICT materials that have invaded
the entire world today.
The above
identified problems gave rise to the study of ICT and moral behaviour of
adolescents in schools.
1.3Purpose
of the Study
The major
objectives of this study include to:
(1) find out if ICT influences students’
moral behaviours.
(2) examine whether a relationship exists
between ICT and students’ academic performance.
(3) investigate whether gender difference
exists in the delinquent behaviours of students as a result of the use of
information communication technology.
(4) determine whether there is
relationship between the use of ICT and adolescents’ social adjustment in the
school.
1.4Research
Questions
The
following research questions were raised:
(1) Will the use of ICT influence
students’ moral behaviour?
(2) Is there any relationship between the
use of ICT and students’ academic performance?
(3) Will there be significant gender
differences in the delinquent behaviours of students due to the use of ICT?
(4) Is there a relationship between the
use of ICT and adolescents’ social adjustment in the school?
1.5Research
Hypotheses
The
following hypotheses were formulated in this study:
(1) Information communication technology
will not have any significant influence on students’ moral behaviours.
(2) There will be no significant
relationship between the use of ICT and students’ academic performance in
school.
(3) There will be no significant gender
differences in the delinquent behaviour of students due to the use of ICT in
school.
(4) There will be no significant
relationship between the use of ICT and adolescents’ social adjustment in the
school.
1.6Significance
of the Study
This study
will be beneficial to the following:
The
Teachers: The teachers in our various institutions – primary, secondary and
tertiary, would benefit from the recommendations and findings of this study.
This is because the findings and recommendations of this study would go a long
way in unraveling to the teachers more on the influences of ICT on the moral
and religious behaviour of the adolescents in schools, especially at the
secondary school level.
The
Students: Would find this study very beneficial, because it will serve as an
eye opener to them. No doubt, the use of ICT is very key to the academic
careers of the adolescents but suffice it to say that the ills inherent in the
use of ICT cannot be over emphasized. So, this study intends to fill the gap
between the use of ICT and the immorality associated with it amongst the youths
in schools. This study will help students to develop interest in the use and
application of various information communication technologies in storing and
retrieval of necessary information regarding the academic performance and
educational careers.
The School
Authority will equally benefit from this study because it will enable them to
understand the way forward in solving the problem(s) caused by the students’
use of the ICT and its effect on the general well being of the school system.
Parents:
Parents will derive necessary or vital information from the findings and
conclusions of this study, because it will help them to be aware of the use and
importance of information communication technology to their children and wards.
Society: The
society will equally derive some vital benefits from the findings and
conclusions of this study. For instance, this study will be an eye opener to
the members of the larger society, in that it will help them to be in the know
concerning the use of information communication technology by students and
others at school and in the society.
1.7Scope of
the Study
The study
covered the influence of ICT on moral behaviours of the adolescents in some
selected secondary schools in Oshodi Government Area of Lagos State.
1.8Definition
of Terms
In this
study, operational terms were defined accordingly.
Technology:
Technology in this study refers to tools and machines that may be used to solve
real-world problems. It also refers to material objects of use to humanity,
such as machines, hardware, software, systems, methods of organization and
techniques. In this context, technology is regarded as the techniques used by
individuals at school or the society in order to be in line with the world new
discovery.
Innovation:
The term is used in the study to refer to both radical and incremental changes
to ICT products and processes. In the organizational context, innovation is
linked to performance and growth through improvements in efficiency,
productivity, quality, competitive positioning, market share, etc.
Information
Communication Technology (ICT): ICT generally referred to as Information
Communication Technology and includes all electronic technologies and equipment
used in facilitating information processing and communication.
Moral
Behaviour: This is a term used to
denote the right behaviour or attitudes of an individual in a given community.
It is the upholding of ethics, values and norms in a decent society. In this
study, moral behaviour is defined as the way and manner an individual carries
his or her self basically on ones religions belief.
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