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THE USE OF
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING BUSINESS STUDIES AT THE JUNIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The Nigerian
National Policy on Education (NPE) was developed to meet national technological
and economic needs. One of the ways of achieving this policy thrust was the
introduction of Business Studies (Business Education subjects) into the
Nigerian secondary school curriculum in 19822, including the Junior Secondary
School Curriculum in 1982, including the junior secondary school level. This
work examined the use of instructional materials in teaching Business Education
subjects at the junior secondary in Mushin Local government Area of Lagos
State. The essential areas looked into are: the existence and adequacy of
instructional materials; the use of instructional materials by trained
teachers; proper use and management of the instructional materials; and
in-service training for teachers through workshops/semina4rs. Questionnaires
were administered on Business Education teachers drawn from 12 schools that
offer Business Studies within the study area. It was discovered that there is a
great deficiency in all the areas examined, thus creating a huge challenge tour
education administrators. Useful recommendations were made to enhance the
effective use of instructional materials in teaching Business Studies at the
junior secondary level.
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
The Nigerian
National Policy on Education (NPE) was developed in 1977 with a focus on
meeting national technological and economic needs. One of the ways of achieving
this policy thrust was the introduction of Business Studies (Business Studies
Subject) into Nigerian secondary school curriculum in 1981. The objective was
to give student of Junior Secondary Schools to give students of junior
secondary schools a general introduction to the broad field of business, thus,
laying a solid foundation for well equipped and informed practitioners that
will support economic growth. The National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004).
Section 3
defines Basic Education as “Basic Education shall be of 9 years duration
comprising 6 years of primary education and 3 years of junior secondary
education. It was further amended in (2010) as 9-3-4, primary school shall be
of basic 1 to 9, secondary 3 years and tertiary 4 years. The act of 2004 also defined
Universal Basic Education thus.
Universal
Basic Education means early childhood are and education, Business Studies
subjects are part of the foundational requirements for building a solid
background in students towards a competent career in business, management,
administration, arts and social science.
The use of
instructional materials as an aid to teaching is one of the means of achieving
the noble objectives of introducing Business Studies at the Junior Secondary
School level. The work examined the use of instructional materials in teaching
Business Studies, the effectiveness, both from students and teachers view and
the impact on general students performance for a state with high student
population like Lagos.
1.2STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Most of our
Primary and Secondary schools in Nigeria hardly well equipped with
instructional materials. Even schools that have them does not utilize them
well. Higher educations are also facing the same problem and even those that
practices using instructional materials among them are not properly rewarded.
In other words, lack of institutional readiness to use the instructional
materials even when made available is a problem. It shows lack of support for
the use of instructional materials in secondary schools in Lagos State.
1.3PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose
of this study is to assess the use of instructional materials in teaching
Business Studies subjects in the junior secondary schools in Lagos State.
1.4OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
Arising from
the purpose of the study, the following objectives were raised to:
i. Propose ways of making education
become more productive in the junior secondary schools.
ii. Provide the teachers the means of
arousing and sustaining the interest of learners as well as changing student’s
attitude in the classroom.
iii. Advance means of making learning and
teaching become more concrete, real, immediate and permanent in the classroom.
iv. Improve instruction methods in the
classroom
1.5RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The
following research questions were raised:
i. What are the benefits of using
instructional materials in junior secondary schools.
ii. How can we make education more
productive among the junior secondary schools in Lagos State junior secondary
schools in Lagos State
iii. What ways or method can be used it
improve the use of instructional materials in junior secondary school.
iv. How can we make teachers develop interest in
using instructional materials in class rooms?
1.6THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Gagné (1985)
proposed a descriptive theory of knowledge consisting of five outcome
categories: intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, verbal information,
motor skills, and attitudes. He elaborates some of these categories further. He
also proposed a descriptive theory of strategy consisting of nine events of
instruction: gaining attention, informing the learner of the objective and activating
motivation, stimulating recall of prior knowledge, presenting the stimulus
material, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing
feedback, assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer. For each
outcome/event category he then identifies the conditions necessary for learning
to be efficient and effective. These conditions of learning comprise his
prescriptive theory of instruction.
1.7SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
It is widely
known that Education is the bedrock of growth and development of any nation.
The goals of meeting national technological and economic needs can not be
attained without a pragmatic approach to learning at the secondary school
level.
1.8SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This study
assessed the use of instructional materials in junior secondary schools in
Lagos State. Sampled schools from both public and private schools were
involved.
Students,
teachers, school management and authorities were consulted with the aim of
appraising the present use and impact of instructional materials in schools at
the junior secondary level.
1.9 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The limiting
factors of this study include:
1. Reluctance of the teaching staff to
disclose area of weaknesses on the subject matter.
2. The unwillingness of the school
administrators to make available their concern over judicious use of
Instructional Materials to other subjects apart from business studies.
3. The study relied primarily on
survey research instrument as the source of getting information from the
respondent.
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